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EVALUATION OF WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITIES AT RIVER MOUTHS IN THE HAIHE RIVER SYSTEM

International Journal of Sediment research 2007年第4期22卷 318-326页

作者： Cheng LIU1, Zhao-Yin WANG1,2, Yun HE3, and Dongsheng CHENG3 1 Prof., Dr., International research and Training center on Erosion and Sedimentation, beijing, 100044, china 2 Prof., Dr., Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua university & International research and Training center on Erosion and Sedimentation, beijing, 100084, china 3 Dr., Senior Engineer, china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research, beijing, 100044, china Int Res & Training Ctr Eros & Sedimentat Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Hydraul Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Int Res & Training Ctr Eros & Sedimentat Beijing 100084 Peoples R China china Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

Water and sediment qualities are studied by analyzing samples taking from the mouths of the Haihe, Duliujian, New Ziya and Beipai rivers in the Haihe river basin in north china in 2005 and 2001, in order to find the changes of water and sediment pollutions. The concentrations of heavy metals, arsenic, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are analyzed and results have been compared for the two times. The in-situ measurement for Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Sediment Oxygen Demand (SOD) rates were carried at the Haihe and Duliujian river mouths in 2006. The results show that the waters of the 4 river mouths are still seriously polluted, though much improved in the case of the Haihe and Duliujian rivers. The main pollutants are TP and TN in the New Ziya and Beipai rivers and mercury (Hg) at all 4 river mouths. Compared with those in 2001, the concentrations of almost all metals and arsenic in the 4 river mouths have decreased. Water quality at Haihe and Duliujian shows an improving trend, while the water quality at Beipai is similar to that of 2001. In contrast, water at the New Ziya river mouth is more severely polluted. The sediments in the 4 river mouths are not seriously polluted by heavy metals but are polluted by nitrogen and phosphorus. Most of the pollutant contents in the sediments show little change between 2001 and 2005. The in-situ DO and SOD measurement shows that the waters at the Haihe river mouth is in the state of oxygen depletion, and SOD is important consumer of DO at the river mouths. The overall analysis shows that increasing water pollution and eutrophication in waters far from cities are ongoing causes of concern.

关键词： River mouth Water quality Sediment quality Eutrophication Sediment oxygen demand

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Numerical simulation and application of three-dimensional oil resources migration-accumulation of fluid dynamics in porous media

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第8期51卷 1144-1163页

作者： YUAN YiRang1 & HAN YuJi2 1 Institute of Mathematics,Shandong university,Ji’nan 250100,china 2 Physical Exploration Institute of Shengli petroleum Administration,Dongying 257022,china Institute of Mathematics Shandong University Ji’nan 250100 China Physical Exploration Institute of Shengli petroleum Administration Dongying 257022 China

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value in evaluation of oil resources and determination of the location and amount of oil deposits. Based on such actual conditions as the effects of fluid mechanics in porous media and 3-dimensional geology characteristics,a kind of modified method of second order upwind finite difference fractional steps implicit interactive scheme was put forward. As for the actual problem of Dongying hollow,Huimin hollow,Tanhai region and Yangxin hollow in Shengli petroleum Oil Field,a numerical simulation test was carried out,and the result is basically coincident with the actual conditions. For the model problem,optimal order estimates were derived. Thus the well-known problem on oil resources was solved.

关键词： nonlinear mechanics of immiscible flow 3-dimensional migration-accumulation of oil resources upwind fractional steps numerical simulation numerical analysis

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Geothermal and fluid flowing simulation of ore-forming antimony deposits in Xikuangshan

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 862-871页

作者： YANG Ruiyan1,2, MA Dongsheng2, BAO Zhengyu3, PAN Jiayong2, CAO Shuanglin2 & XIA Fei2 1. School of Mathematics and Physics, china university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 2. State Key Laboratory for research of Mineral Deposits, Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093, china 3. Faculty of Earth Sciences, china university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 1. School of Mathematics and Physics China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 2. State Key Laboratory for research of Mineral Deposits Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 3. Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

The Xikuangshan Antimony Deposit located in the Mid-Hunan basin, china, is the larg- est antimony deposit in the world. Based on the hydrogeological and geochemical data collected from four sections, Xikuangshan-Dajienao (AO), Xikuangshan-Dashengshan (BO), Xikuang- shan-Longshan (CO) and Dafengshan (DO) in the basin, an advanced metallogenic model related to deep-cyclic meteoric water of Xikuangshan Antimony Deposit is put forward in this paper using a model of heat-gravity-driving fluid flow transportation. The simulation results show that the ore-forming fluid of the deposit mainly comes from the Dashengshan and Longshan areas where BO and CO sections are located if the overall basin keeps a constant atmospheric precipitation and infiltration rate during mineralization, and that the average transportation speed of the ore-forming fluids is about 0.2―0.4 m/a.

关键词： ore-forming fluid, numerical simulation, geothermal field, geofluid transport, Xikuangshan, antimony deposits.

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Water in peridotite xenoliths from South china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第10期54卷 1511-1522页

作者： WANG Rong 1,2,3 & ZHANG BaoMin 3 1 Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming university of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, china 2 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits research, Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093, china 3 Faculty of Earth Science, china university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 1. Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China2. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China3. Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

The water contents of nominally anhydrous clinopyroxene （cpx）, orthopyroxene （opx） and olivine （ol） in peridotite xenoliths hosted by Cenozoic basalts from Yingfengling, Zhangchouchun, Fujitian and Lindi, South china, were measured by Micro- FTIR. All cpx and opx grains contained a certain amount of water, which was indicated by the presence of hydroxyls in the crystal structure. The water contents （H20, ppm） of cpx and opx from peridotite xenoliths of the study areas were 293-981, 183-752, 73-586 and 51-423 ppm, and 82-471, 74-571, 53-170 and 9-135 ppm, respectively. No prominent OH absorption bands were detected for any ol grains, indicating that the water contents were below the detection limit （approximately 2 ppm）. The entire rock contents recalculated according to mineral volume proportions were 49-163, 48-168, 21-111 and 8-40 ppm, respectively. Combined with previously reported data describing the water contents of peridotite xenoliths worldwide, the results presented here suggest that water distribution in the continental lithospheric mantle is spatially heterogeneous at a global scale. The lithospheric mantle of South china is much richer in water than that of the North china Craton, and is close to that typical of off-craton localities, such as the basin and Range Province, and Massif Central.

关键词： FTIR water peridotite xenoliths South china

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Responses of distribution pattern of desert riparian forests to hydrologic process in Ejina oasis

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第z1期47卷 21-31页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi, CHANG Xueli & HE ZhibinLinze Inland River basin Comprehensive research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china Yantai Normal university, Yantai 264005, china 1. Linze Inland River basin Comprehensive research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China2. Yantai Normal University 264005 Yantai China

By using the theories and methods of landscape ecology and the technology of GIS and RS, a study has been carried out on the responses of distribution pattern of desert riparian forest to hydrologic process on the basis of the hydrologic data from 1990 to 2000 and the TM image of 2001 year. The results showed that: (1) there appears an even distribution pattern for the relative forest area in oasis, however, the degenerated forest diaplays an increasing tendency from west to east; (2) the desert riparian forest in Ejina is in completely degenerated process at the patch scale; (3) the number of patch is influenced not only by hydrologic process,but also by agricultural activity such as cultivation. The severe deterioration of the degraded vegetation in whole oasis initiates from lower reaches, and gradually impels to upstream; the fragmentation of landscape in the terminal site is more obvious, which is influenced by river shape and decreasing flux of water. It is found that the influence of surface hydrologic process to the ground hydrologic process of desert riparian forest in Ejina oasis is little for the recent ten years. The relative area of the degenerated forest increased with increasing ground water depth in the direction of parallel to river channel. On the contrary, in the direction perpendicular to river channel, there is a decreasing tendency for the average patch area of the forest and the degenerated forest with increasing ground water depth.

关键词： Ejina oasis, desert riparian forests, vegetation pattern, hydrologic process.

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Late stage thermal history of the Songliao basin and its tectonic implications: Evidence from apatite fission track (AFT) analyses

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第10期50卷 1479-1487页

作者： XIANG CaiFu1,2?, FENG ZhiQiang3, PANG XiongQi1,2, WU HeYong3 & LI JunHong1,2 1 basin and reservoir research center, china university of petroleum, beijing 102.4., china 2 Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in china university of petroleum, Ministry of Education, beijing 102.4., china 3 Prospecting and Exploration Institute of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing 163458, china 1. basin and reservoir research center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 3. Prospecting and Exploration Institute of Daqing Oil Field Daqing 163458 China

Apatite Fission Track (AFT) data from the Songliao basin indicates that the late stage tectonic movements in the Songliao basin have zoning in space and episodes in time. The late stage tectonic movements started from the east part of the basin and migrated westward. AFT ages in the east part of the basin are older than those in the west part of the basin, suggesting that the uplift occurred earlier in the east than in the west. The denudation thickness in the east part of the basin is significantly greater than that in the centre and west. The thermal history evolved two episodes of rapid cooling and subsequent slow cooling processes. Age-depth relationship derived from the AFT data indicates a four-episode denudation history. Further Monte Carlo random simulation of the AFT data reveals the four changing points of the thermal evolution at 65 Ma, 43.5 Ma, 28 Ma and 15 Ma, respectively. The uplifting and denudation rates from different episodes of evolution are proportional to the plate convergence rate. Based on the above analyses and the regional geologic background, it is concluded that the late stage thermal events in the Songliao basin are the far field response to the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The first episode of the rapid cooling probably started at the end of the Nenjiang Formation, climaxed at the end of the Cretaceous and ceased at the Late Eocene. The subsequent slow cooling lasts another 15 Ma. The first episode of the evolution is the far field response to the major episode of the Yanshan Movement and subsequent series of the tectonic reorganization, especially the directional change of the Pacific Movement and also the subduction of the Indian Plate underneath the Eurasian Plate. While the second episode of the evolution is the far field response to the extension and closure of the Sea of Japan. Extension led to the migration and converging of the mantle heat flow to the Sea of Japan and resulted in the rapid cooling of

关键词： apatite fission track, late stage tectonic movement, episodic movement, plate tectonics, Songliao basin

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A distributed hydrological model with its application to the Jinghe watershed in the Yellow River basin

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 60-71页

作者： WANG Zhonggen1, ZHENG Hongxing1, LIU Changming1, , WU Xianfeng2 2 & ZHAO Weimin3 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. Institute of Environmental Science, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 3. Water Resources Conservation Committee of Yellow River, Zhengzhou 450003, china Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China beijing Normal Univ Inst Environm Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Water Resources Conservat Comm Yellow River Zhengzhou 450003 Peoples R China

For the purpose of water resources management in the Yellow River basin with highly spatial difference, a daily distributed hydrological model was proposed, of which the determination of spatially-distributed parameters and model inputs processing were performed by means of GIS/RS. In the model, the computation of runoff yield was based on the topography index method and flow routing was modeled by Maskingum method. The operation of the model is followed by means of “command structure” technique based upon the topography of river network. A case study using the model was conducted for the Jinghe watershed, which locates at the middle Yellow River basin. The simulation of the hydrological processes in 1996 has shown that water quantity balance errors were less than 5% and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient arrived at 0.7, indicating that the model structure is justifiable, and the precision of the model can satisfy the purpose of water resources management.

关键词： distributed hydrological model, structure and equation, GIS and RS, Jinghe basin, Yellow River basin.

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Coupling analysis of unsteady seepage and stress fields in discrete fractures network of rock mass in dam foundation

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 133-139页

作者： CHAI JunRui 1,2 & XU WeiSheng 2 1 College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,china Three Gorges university,Yichang 443002,china 2 College of Hydropower Engineering,Xi’an university of Technology,Xi’an 710048,china 1. College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 China2. College of Hydropower Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an 710048 China

The drag force of water flow through single fracture and the coupling characteristics of seepage and stress in single fracture surface are analyzed,and a three dimensional model of coupled unsteady seepage and stress fields is *** model is used to the analysis of foundation rock mass of a high *** the coupling effects are considered,the changes of boundary heads have less influence on the inner head of rock mass,and the strong permeability of main fractures *** the coupling effects are not considered,the fractures distribution affects the inner head more *** the upstream water head declines,the inner head of dam foundation slightly declines and the hydraulic gradient distribution becomes smoother.A bigger upstream water level declining velocity has a stronger lag effect,meanwhile the values of stress components change more *** the upstream water level declining velocity directly affects the stability of rock mass in dam foundation and we should take into account the above factors to make sure the safety of the dam during reservoir level fluctuation period.

关键词： hydraulic engineering unsteady seepage stress coupling fractures network rock mass

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Effect of stress sensitivity on displacement efficiency in CO_2 flooding for fractured low permeability reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2009年第3期6卷 277-283页

作者： Wang Rui Yue Xiang＇an Zhao Renbao Yan Pingxiang Dave Freeman Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China SINOPEC Exploration ＆ Production research Institute Beijing 100083 China china Power Complete Equipment Co. Ltd. Beijing 100011 China Edwy R. Brown Department of petroleum Engineering Marietta College U.S.A.

Carbon dioxide flooding is an effective means of enhanced oil recovery for low permeability reservoirs. If fractures are present in the reservoir, CO2 may flow along the fractures, resulting in low gas displacement efficiency. reservoir pore pressure will fluctuate to some extent during a CO2 flood, causing a change in effective confining pressure. The result is rock deformation and a reduction in permeability with the reduction in fracture permeability, causing increased flow resistance in the fracture space. Simultaneously, gas cross flowing along the fractures is partially restrained. In this work, the effect of stress changes on permeability was studied through a series of flow experiments. The change in the flowrate distribution in a matrix block and contained fracture with an increase in effective pressure were analyzed. The results lead to an implicit comparison which shows that permeability of fractured core decreases sharply with an increase in effective confining pressure. The fracture flowrate ratio declines and the matrix flowrate ratio increases. Fracture flow will partially divert to the matrix block with the increase in effective confining pressure, improving gas displacement efficiency.

关键词： Stress sensitivity flowrate distribution matrix fracture CO2 flooding displacement efficiency

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Oil accumulation related to migration of source kitchens in the Lukeqin structural belt, Turpan-Hami basin, china

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petroleum Science 2010年第3期7卷 355-361页

作者： Liu Bo Huang Zhilong Tu Xiaoxian Sang Tingyi Chen Xuan State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochina Turpan-Hami Oilfield Company Hami Xinjiang 839009 China

The Lukeqin structural belt is the main heavy oil accumulation zone in the Turpan-Hami basin. The recent discovery of light oil in the Triassic indicates that there may be multiple source kitchens contributing to the oil accumulation. According to oil geochemical analysis and oil-source correlation, the oil in deep and shallow reservoirs of the Lukeqin Oilfield presents different physical and saturated hydrocarbon mass spectrum characteristics. The Triassic heavy oil is from the northern Upper Permian lacustrine source rocks, and the light oil represented by the Yudong-9 Well is from the northwestern Lower Jurassic coal-measure source rocks. The timing of oil charging was determined by K/Ar isotope dating, reservoir fluid inclusion analysis and the evolution history of different source rocks. In summary, the accumulation process consists of two stages. From the end of Triassic to early Jurassic, the northern Permian source kitchen generated a considerable amount of oil, which was finally degraded to heavy oil, migrated to the south and then accumulated. The northwestern Jurassic coal-measure source kitchen began to generate oil at the end of Cretaceous, while the northern source kitchen could only generate a little hydrocarbon. The heavy oil and the light oil have different source rock locations, migration directions and accumulation times. The migration of hydrocarbon source kitchens affects the distribution of heavy oil and light oil reservoirs at the present time.

关键词： Source kitchen light oil oil-source correlation timing of oil charging Turpan-Hami basin

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