The 18 kDa translocator protein(TSPO)located on the outer mitochondrial membrane regulates several key cellular processes including mitochondrial homeostasis,cholesterol transport,apoptosis,cell proliferation,and main...
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The 18 kDa translocator protein(TSPO)located on the outer mitochondrial membrane regulates several key cellular processes including mitochondrial homeostasis,cholesterol transport,apoptosis,cell proliferation,and maintenance of mitochondrial health(Rupprecht et al.,2022,2023).TSPO is expressed in both peripheral organs and the central nervous system,with a more pronounced expression in tissues that produce *** main reason why TSPO has garnered so much attention is because it plays a key role in neurosteroidogenesis by transferring cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane,which is the rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synthesis.A cholesterol-recognizing amino acid consensus domain has been identified in the cytosolic C terminus of the TSPO protein by both in vitro and site-directed mutagenesis experiments(Li et al.,2001).However,the role of TSPO in the process of neurosteroid synthesis has been challenged by several studies,particularly TSPO knockout models,which suggest that TSPO removal does not affect the phenotype or the system’s viability(Tu et al.,2014).However,ligands targeting TSPO have been shown to enhance levels of neurosteroids which suggests that neurosteroidogenesis is one of the major functional roles mediated by the TSPO protein.
In this study, we investigate the friction between a one-dimensional elastomer and a one-dimensional rigid randomly rough surface. Special emphasis is laid on the temperature dependence of the elastomer and its effect...
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In this study, we investigate the friction between a one-dimensional elastomer and a one-dimensional rigid randomly rough surface. Special emphasis is laid on the temperature dependence of the elastomer and its effect on the frictional behavior of the contact. The elastomer is modeled as a Kelvin body in a one-dimensional substitute model in the spirit of the method of dimensionality reduction. The randomly rough surface is a self-affine one-dimensional fractal. We provide a short discussion of a conical indenter pressed in a displacement controlled process into an elastomer. These analytical considerations are taken as a basis for the treatment of the randomly rough counter surface in contact to an elastomer with and without temperature dependent viscosity. We identify dimensionless quantities describing this process, introduce a thermal length scale, and give estimates for the coefficient of friction as function of velocity, indentation and thermal quantities.
In this paper we first investigate zero-sum two-player stochastic differential games with reflection, with the help of theory of Reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (RBSDEs). We will establish the d...
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In this paper we first investigate zero-sum two-player stochastic differential games with reflection, with the help of theory of Reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (RBSDEs). We will establish the dynamic programming principle for the upper and the lower value functions of this kind of stochastic differential games with reflection in a straightforward way. Then the upper and the lower value functions are proved to be the unique viscosity solutions to the associated upper and the lower Hamilton-Jacobi-Bettman-Isaacs equations with obstacles, respectively. The method differs significantly from those used for control problems with reflection, with new techniques developed of interest on its own. Further, we also prove a new estimate for RBSDEs being sharper than that in the paper of E1 Karoui, Kapoudjian, Pardoux, Peng and Quenez (1997), which turns out to be very useful because it allows us to estimate the LP-distance of the solutions of two different RBSDEs by the p-th power of the distance of the initial values of the driving forward equations. We also show that the unique viscosity solution to the approximating Isaacs equation constructed by the penalization method converges to the viscosity solution of the Isaacs equation with obstacle.
A microscope image formation model based on scalar diffraction and Fourier optics has been developed, which takes a slant angle between the optical axis and the observed surface into account. The theoretical investiga...
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A microscope image formation model based on scalar diffraction and Fourier optics has been developed, which takes a slant angle between the optical axis and the observed surface into account. The theoretical investigations of the imaging of line structures using this model show that reflection type microscopes are much stronger influenced by the slant angle than transmission type microscopes. In addition, the slant angle changes the image contrast and the image shape of a line structure, especially its edge. The larger the slant angle, the stronger the decrease of the image contrast, and the less steep the edge slope in both types of microscopes. Furthermore, the larger the numerical aperture of the objective, the less the effect of the slant angle on the line image shape.
Soil rheology characterises the flow behaviour of soils at the particle-particle to aggregate *** sweep tests(ASTs)are often the method of choice for parameterizing soil flow properties,such as the shear strain values...
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Soil rheology characterises the flow behaviour of soils at the particle-particle to aggregate *** sweep tests(ASTs)are often the method of choice for parameterizing soil flow properties,such as the shear strain values at the end of the linear viscoelastic range(i.e.,the deformation is mainly elastic)and at the yield point(i.e.,elastic equals plastic deformation).Samples from seven soil profiles and five soil depths of Chernozems,collected in the Maidanetske study area,close to Uman City of Ukraine,were analysed to evaluate the effect of soil organic carbon(SOC)on the parameters related to soil microstructural stability derived from *** organic carbon was removed with H_(2)O_(2)to determine the soil texture-dependent values of soil rheological properties,which were compared to the values determined for samples with intact water-stable *** shear resistance-related parameters increased for aggregated soil samples compared to SOC-free soil samples,indicating an increase in soil stability due to *** contrast,the values of the overall viscoelasticity and the shear strain were reduced for aggregated soil samples,indicating decreased soil *** functions were applied to predict the shear strain-dependent loss and storage moduli and shear stress values as a function of SOC *** particles(630–2000μm)and volumetric water content improved the *** conclude that increased SOC content,through the gluing and cementing effects of SOC and altered aggregate shapes compared to SOC-free soil materials,contributes to higher microstructural ***,the increased water content in the SOC-containing soil samples reversed soil strengthening *** was due to the fact that a more rapid increase in positive water pressure under shear stress weakened the samples and the spherical aggregates began to rotate more easily,thus loosing energy,when compared to platy particles of the SOC-free soil materials.
In this paper we will discuss the optimal risk transfer problems when risk measures are generated by G-expectations,and we present the relationship between inf-convolution of G-expectations and the infconvolution of d...
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In this paper we will discuss the optimal risk transfer problems when risk measures are generated by G-expectations,and we present the relationship between inf-convolution of G-expectations and the infconvolution of drivers G.
Normal shock wave, terminating a local supersonic area on an airfoil, limits its performance and becomes a source of high speed impulsive noise. It is proposed to use passive control to disintegrate the shock wave. De...
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Normal shock wave, terminating a local supersonic area on an airfoil, limits its performance and becomes a source of high speed impulsive noise. It is proposed to use passive control to disintegrate the shock wave. Details of the flow structure obtained by this method are studied numerically. A new boundary condition has been developed and the results of its application are verified against experiments in a nozzle flow. The method of shock wave disintegration has been confirmed and detailed analysis of the flow details is presented. The substitution of a shock wave by a gradual compression changes completely the source of the high speed impulsive noise and bears potential of its reduction.
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