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生殖与避孕 2008年第1期28卷 46-49页

作者： kenneth f.Schulz 单位不详

在HIV流行地区,性传播感染的医疗服务质量很差,且性传播感染高度流行,改善医疗服务质量可使HIV传播下降高达40%。坦桑尼亚的经验表明这样的干预在发展中国家是可行的。

关键词： HIV感染干预措施 STIs 医疗服务质量性传播感染人群 HIV传播发展中国家

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Phylogenetic Relationships of.<i>Termitomyces aurantiacus</i>Inf.rred f.om Internal Transcribed Spacers DNA Sequences

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第5期6卷 358-367页

作者： Shaf.quzzaman Siddiquee Kobun Rovina Laila Naher kenneth f. Rodrigues Md Akhter Uzzaman Biotechnology Research Institute Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia f.culty of.Agro-Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus-17600 Kelantan Malaysia Planning and Development Division Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka Bangladesh

f.ngus-growing termites cultivate species of.the mutualistic basidiomycete genus Termitomyces on a substrate called the f.ngal comb. Identif.cation of.f.ngal species based on morphological f.atures is complicated, tedious, and prone to errors. As an alternative, nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences consisting of.the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA were used to identif. Malaysian isolates of.Termitomyces sp. The morphological characteristics and molecular data indicate that Malaysian Termitomyces isolated is clearly monophyletic and belongs to the Tricholomataceae f.mily. The Malaysian isolates analyzed in this study represent the termite f.ngus species called T. aurantiacus.

关键词： f.ngal Comb Internal Transcribed Spacers Morphological f.ature Phylogenetic Relationship

Household Poverty Dimensions Inf.uencing f.rest Dependence at Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda: An Application of.the Sustainable Livelihoods f.amework

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Natural Resources 2014年第16期5卷 1031-1047页

作者： Ian E. Munanura kenneth f. Backman DeWayne D. Moore Jef.rey C. Hallo Robert B. Powell Department of.Parks Recreation and Tourism Management Clemson University Clemson SC USA Department of.Psychology Clemson University Clemson SC USA

This paper explores the perceived relationship between household poverty and f.rest dependence among the poorest residents neighboring Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Using the sustainable livelihoods f.amework, this paper examines the inf.uence of.household poverty on f.rest dependence. The f.ndings reveal that f.od and health security risks are primary drivers of.f.rest dependence. Education security risks however, were f.und to have an indirect inf.uence. Both f.od and health security risks were f.und to have equal inf.uence on f.rest dependence. The economic security risks traditionally believed to signif.cantly inf.uence f.rest dependence were not f.und to have a direct inf.uence.

关键词： Household Poverty Sustainable Livelihoods f.rest Dependence

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康氏周期和战争

世界科学 1986年第5期 32-33+62页

作者： Paul P. Craig kenneth E. f. Watt 丁鸿富

本文作者是美国加利福尼亚大学的教授,前者是研究工程;后者是研究动物学和环境科学。他们用自然科学的观点与方法来研究重大社会、经济和政治问题,比较典型地反映外国科学家在自然科学与社会科学交叉方面的研究工作,供读者参考。

关键词：死亡人数美国美利坚合众国北美洲经济长波随机事件萧条时期欧洲低潮康氏

腹腔镜手术时腹腔内注射哌替啶和罗哌卡因后的药物分布与临床作用

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麻醉与镇痛 2009年第1期5卷 68-76页

作者： Michael J. Paech kenneth f. Itett Peter Hackett Madhu Page-Sharp Richard W. Parsons 邢军(译) 李成辉(校) Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology Unit School of Medicine and Pharmacology The University of Western Australia Perth Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory PathWest Laboratory Medicine Nedlands Western Australia Australia Independent Biostatistician PerthWestern Australia Australia 不详

背景目前，支持腹腔内注射哌替啶或局部麻醉药以提供有效手术后镇痛的证据尚为有限。本研究的目的旨在探讨腹腔内注射哌替啶和罗哌卡因后镇痛的有效性，并测定药物的血浆浓度。本研究的无效假设为：各组患者接受腹腔镜腹部大手术后24小... 详细信息

背景目前，支持腹腔内注射哌替啶或局部麻醉药以提供有效手术后镇痛的证据尚为有限。本研究的目的旨在探讨腹腔内注射哌替啶和罗哌卡因后镇痛的有效性，并测定药物的血浆浓度。本研究的无效假设为：各组患者接受腹腔镜腹部大手术后24小时内活动时疼痛程度无统计学差异。方法本研究采用随机、双盲和空白对照的方法，在2个医学中心将250例拟行腹腔镜手术的女性患者分为5组：腹腔内注射哌替啶50或100mg（M50和M100组）、罗哌卡因150mg（R150组）、哌替啶50mg复合罗哌卡因150mg（M50R150组）和哌替啶肌肉注射50mg（对照组）。所有患者均肌肉注射生理盐水或腹腔内注射生理盐水，以保证各组处理方法的一致性。在恢复期间，将疼痛作为基本的观察指标，此后还要测定药代动力学参数。结果各组患者在手术后恢复室中及离开后的活动疼痛评分均数差异无统计学意义[对照组、M50组、M100组、R150组和M50R150组分别为2．2（2．8）、2．5（3．3）、1．6（2．5）、2．6（3．2）和2．7（3．2），P=0．50]。各组问静息疼痛评分、吗啡静脉用量、恢复指标和患者满意度的差异无统计学意义。腹腔内给予哌替啶50mg后，其血浆浓度（中位数55～60ug/L）相当于肌肉注射等量哌替啶后血浆浓度的一半（中位数113ug/L）。结论与全身注射阿片类药物相比，腹腔内注射哌替啶和罗哌卡因（单独使用或联合使用）并不能更好地缓解腹腔镜手术后的疼痛或减少阿片类药物的使用量。

关键词：腹腔内注射腹腔镜手术罗哌卡因哌替啶药物分布临床作用手术后镇痛注射生理盐水

Household Poverty Dimensions Inf.uencing f.rest Dependence at Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda: An Application of.the Sustainable Livelihoods f.amework

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报告非药物随机对照临床试验的CONSORT扩展声明:说明与详述(一)

Natural Resources（自然资源） 2014年第16期 1031-1047页

作者： Ian E. Munanura kenneth f. Backman DeWayne D. Moore Jef.rey C. Hallo Robert B. Powell

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中西医结合学报 2009年第5期7卷 491-494页

作者： Isabelle Boutron David Moher Douglas G. Alt man kenneth f. Schulz Philippe Ravaud INSERM U738 AP-HPHpital Bichat-Claude BernardUniversité Paris 7 Denis DiderotParisFrance Chalmers Research Group Children s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada University of.Oxf.rd OxfordUnited Kingdom Quantitative Sciences Family Health InternationalResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA

正确报告随机对照临床试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)是严格评价试验结果真实性与有效性的必要前提。含22项条目清单和流程图的CONSORT(Consolidated Standards of.Reporting Trials)声明旨在通过改进RCT的报告来解决这一问题... 详细信息

正确报告随机对照临床试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)是严格评价试验结果真实性与有效性的必要前提。含22项条目清单和流程图的CONSORT(Consolidated Standards of.Reporting Trials)声明旨在通过改进RCT的报告来解决这一问题。然而,《CONSORT声明》中没有专门论及那些适用于非药物治疗(如手术、技术干预、仪器设备、康复理疗、心理治疗和行为干预等)临床试验的具体问题。此外,相当多的证据表明非药物临床试验的报告仍然需要改进,因此CONSORT小组针对评估非药物治疗的临床INf.RMATION f.R AUTHORS试验制定了《CONSORT扩展声明》。为制定《CONSORT扩展声明》以规范非药物临床试验的报告,33名专家于2006年2月在法国巴黎组织召开了讨论会议,并就此达成了共识。与会者扩充了原有《CONSORT声明》中的11项条目,新增了1项条目,修改并重新制定了报告流程图。为便于充分理解和执行《CONSORT扩展声明》,CONSORT小组通过对文献的回顾编制了这一说明与详述文本,旨在为正确报告非药物临床试验提供范例。本扩展声明,连同《CONSORT声明》以及《CONSORT声明》的其他扩展本,将有助于改进非药物治疗领域RCT的报告。

关键词： CONSORT声明随机对照临床试验非药物治疗药物临床试验评价试验技术干预仪器设备康复理疗

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报告非药物随机对照临床试验的CONSORT扩展声明:说明与详述(二)

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中西医结合学报 2009年第6期7卷 593-598页

作者： Isabelle Boutron David Moher Douglas G. Alt man kenneth f. Schulz Philippe Ravaud f.r the CONSORT Group Hpital Bichat-Claude Bernard UniversitéParis7Denis DiderotParisFrance Chalmers Research Group Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada University of.Oxf.rd OxfordUnited Kingdom Quantitative Sciences Family Health InternationalResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA

为便于更好地理解和传播该,与会者建议编制一份说明与详述文本,类似之前为CONSORT声明修订版[2]、诊断试验准确性研究的报告规范(Standards f.r Reporting of.Diagnostic Accuracy, STARD)[17]和观察性流行病学研究报告规范(Strengtheni... 详细信息

为便于更好地理解和传播该,与会者建议编制一份说明与详述文本,类似之前为CONSORT声明修订版[2]、诊断试验准确性研究的报告规范(Standards f.r Reporting of.Diagnostic Accuracy, STARD)[17]和观察性流行病学研究报告规范(Strengthening the Reporting of.Observational Studies in Epidemiology, STROBE)[18]制定的说明与详述文本.The International Society f.r Complementary Medicine Research简介

关键词： CONSORT声明随机对照临床试验 Epidemiology 药物报告规范诊断试验流行病学文本

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Physical contact, volatiles, and acoustic signals contribute to monogamy in an invasive aggregating bark beetle

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1285-1297页

作者： Zhu-Dong Liu Guo-Bing Mi kenneth f.Raf.a Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of.Integrated Management of.Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Erdaochuan f.rest Station of.Guandi Mountain f.rest Bureau WenshuiShanxi ProvinceChina Department of.Entomology University of WisconsinMadisonWlUSA University Academy of.Chinese Academy of.Sciences BeijingChina Center f.r Excellence in Biotic Interactions Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The behavioral strategies and mechanisms by which some insects maintain monogamous mating systems are not well *** investigated the mating system of.the bark beetle Dendroctonus valens,and identif.ed several contributing *** and laboratory observations suggest the adults commonly f.rm permanent bonds during host ***,it showed mated f.males that remained paired with males produced more of.spring than mated f.males that were alone in *** bioassays,a second f.male commonly entered a gallery constructed by a prior *** show she commonly reached the location of.the f.rst f.male,but they did not engage in actual ***,the second f.male typically departs to f.rm her own *** signaling likewise does not appear to inf.uence f.male-f.male encounters,based on controlled muting *** the intruder appears to perceive the residents presence by physical *** acoustic signals and volatiles released by f.males during gallery constructing were shown to attract *** a male joined a f.male in a gallery,the male-produced aggressive sounds,which were shown by playback to deter other males f.om entering the *** f.male-f.male interactions,resident males use their head and rear to push intruders out of.***,volatiles released by males during f.eding repelled intruding males,discouraging them f.om entering the *** also construct plugs that block the entrance,which may prevent subsequent males and predators f.om entering the ***,*** has evolved multif.ceted mechanisms contributing to single pairings that conf.r benef.ts to both sexes.

关键词： acoustic signals behavioral assay Dendroctonus valens mating system pheromones rivalry