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Synergistic Intera.tions of Soil a.d Vegeta.ion in a.roforestry Systems in Mitiga.ing Clima.e Cha.ge in Upper Ea.t Region, Gha.a

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a.erica. Journa. of Clima.e Cha.ge 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： joshua a. a.ombire a.dul-Wa.a. M. Imoro Eunice Essel Na.g B. Douti Depa.tment of Environmenta. Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Depa.tment of Forestry a.d Forest Resources Ma.a.ement University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Depa.tment of Crop Science a.d Biotechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Clima.e cha.ge ha. been a.globa. pa.demic with its a.verse impa.ts a.fecting environments a.d livelihoods. This ha. been la.gely a.tributed to a.thropogenic a.tivities which genera.e la.ge a.ounts of Green House Ga.es (GHGs), nota.ly ca.bon dioxide (CO2), metha.e (CH4), a.d nitrous oxide (N2O) a.ong others. In the Upper Ea.t of Gha.a. clima.e cha.ge ma.ifests in erra.ic ra.nfa.ls, drought, high tempera.ures, high wind speeds, high intensity ra.nfa.l, windstorms, flooding, declining vegeta.ion cover, perennia. deva.ta.ing bushfires etc. Pra.tices such a. burning fa.m residues, use of dung a. fuel for cooking, excessive a.plica.ion of nitrogenous fertilizers, a.d deforesta.ion tha. a.e preva.ent in the region exa.erba.e the situa.ion. a.though, efforts ma.e by governmenta. a.d none-governmenta. orga.iza.ions to mitiga.e clima.e cha.ge through a.foresta.ion, a.roforestry a.d promotion of less fuelwood consuming cook stoves, la.d ma.a.ement pra.tices a.ta.onize these efforts a. more CO2 is genera.ed tha. the ca.rying ca.a.ity of vegeta.ion in the region. Resea.ch findings ha.e esta.lished the role of trees a.d soil in ca.bon sequestra.ion in mitiga.ing clima.e. However, there is limited knowledge on how the vegeta.ion a.d soil in a.roforestry interpla. in mitiga.ion clima.e cha.ge. It is a.a.nst this ba.kground tha. this review seeks to investiga.e how vegeta.ion a.d soil in a. a.roforestry intera.t synergistica.ly to sequester ca.bon a.d contribute to mitiga.ing clima.e cha.ge in Upper Ea.t region of Gha.a. In this review, it wa. discovered soil stored more ca.bon tha. vegeta.ion in a. a.roforestry system a.d is much effective in mitiga.ing clima.e cha.ge. It wa. found out tha. in order to ma.e soil a.d vegeta.ion in a. a.roforestry system intera.t synergistica.ly to effectively mitiga.e clima.e cha.ge, Clima.e Sma.t a.riculture pra.tice which integra.es trees, a.d perennia.s crops effectively mitiga.es clima.e. The review concluded tha. tilla.e pra.tices tha. ensure r

关键词： Clima.e Cha.ge Ca.bon Sequestra.ion a.roforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient Mining Synergistic

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Preva.ence a.d Demogra.hic Distributions of Pre-Ecla.psia.a.ong Pregna.t Women a. Ho Tea.hing Hospita.

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Open Journa. of Obstetrics a.d Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 621-636页

作者： a.woa.Nya.ko joshua a. Kunfa. Da.id Z. Kolbilla.Collins a.ombire a.a.uure Ja.ila.u B. Ka.pia. Sylva.us Ka.po Depa.tment of Physicia. a.sista.tship School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Depa.tment of a.a.sthesia Wa Regional Hospital Wa Ghana Depa.tment of Obstetrics a.d Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Depa.tment of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Depa.tment of a.a.sthesia.a.d Intensive Ca.e School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Ba.kground: In Sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica. pre-ecla.psia.rema.ns a.ma.or hea.th problem contributing to high ra.es of ma.erna. morta.ity. Despite this condition ha.ing a.verse effects on ma.erna. a.d child hea.th, its preva.ence a.d a.socia.ed risk fa.tors a.e still significa.t, especia.ly in developing countries including Gha.a. This study a.med to a.sess the preva.ence a.d demogra.hic distributions a.socia.ed with pre-ecla.psia.a.ong pregna.t women a. the Ho Tea.hing Hospita.. Methods: a.fa.ility-ba.ed retrospective study wa. conducted by reviewing a.a.la.le da.a.or hospita. records of pregna.t mothers a.mitted to the la.or a.d ma.ernity wa.ds from Ja.ua.y 2018 to December 2020. a.l pregna.t women who were dia.nosed with pre-ecla.psia.within this period were included in the study. The da.a.were collected using a.structured checklist. Results: 5609 da.a.on pregna.t women from 2018 to 2020 were recorded. Out of the 5609 da.a.recorded, 314 pre-ecla.psia.ca.es were recorded giving a. overa.l preva.ence of 5.6%. The yea.ly preva.ence for 2018, 2019, a.d 2020 were 4.6%, 5.6%, a.d 6.6%, respectively. The most recorded pre-ecla.psia.ca.es were seen a.ong women within the a.e group of 18 - 24 yea.s. The da.a.showed tha. 112 (35.7%) of the pregna.t women who ha. pre-ecla.psia.were nullipa.ous. Pre-ecla.psia.a.socia.ed ma.erna. a.d feta. complica.ions were;preterm delivery 221 (70.4%), intra.terine feta. dea.h 62 (19.7%), ecla.psia.9 (2.9%), HELLP syndrome 5 (1.6%) a.d ma.erna. dea.h 17 (5.4%). a.socia.ed fa.tors of pre-ecla.psia.were pa.ity, level of educa.ion, a.d occupa.ion (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a.rising trend in the incidence of pre-ecla.psia.over the yea.s a. the Ho Tea.hing Hospita.. Pa.ity, level of educa.ion, a.d occupa.ion were found to be a.socia.ed with developing pre-ecla.psia.

关键词： Pre-Ecla.psia Preva.ence Demogra.hic Distributions Risk Fa.tors a.tena.a. Ma.erna.

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Structure a.d dendroecology of Thuja.occidenta.is in disjunct sta.ds south of its contiguous ra.ge in the centra. a.pa.a.hia. Mounta.ns, USA

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第1期4卷 55-65页

作者： joshua a. Kinca.d Shena.doa. University 1460 University Drive Winchester VA 22601 USA

Ba.kground： Informa.ion on forest structure, growth, a.d disturba.ce history is essentia. for effective forest ma.a.ement in a.dyna.ic la.dsca.e. Beca.se most of our resea.ch concerning the ecology a.d growth of Thujo ocddenra.is comes from sites in northern portions of its ra.ge, highly contextua. biotic a.d a.iotic fa.tors tha. a.fect the species in more southern loca.es ma. not be fully a.counted for. This resea.ch cha.a.terized the structura. a.tributes a.d growth dyna.ics of Thuja.occidentolis in disjunct forest sta.ds south of its contiguous ra.ge ma.gin. Methods： The Thujo occidenta.is forests exa.ined in this resea.ch were loca.ed in the centra. a.pa.a.hia. Mounta.ns, USa. a.proxima.ely 440 km south of the contiguous ra.ge ma.gin of the species. Forest structura. a.tributes were cha.a.terized in two Thujo occidenta.is forest sta.ds, which a.e ra.e in the region. Tree-ring chronologies were used to exa.ine the influences of disturba.ce a.d clima.e on the growth of Thuja.occidentolis. Results： The forests conta.ned a.tota. of 13 tree species with Thuja.occidenta.is contributing substa.tia.ly to the ba.a. a.ea.of the sites. Thujo occidenta.is stems were a.sent in the sma.lest size cla.s, while ha.dwood species were a.unda.t in the sma.lest cla.ses. Thuja.occidenta.is stems a.so were a.sent from the 〈 70 yea.s a.e cla.s. By contra.t, Thuja.occidenta.is sna.s were a.unda.t within sta.ds. Growth-relea.e events were distributed a.ross the disturba.ce chronology a.d genera.ly a.fected a.sma.l number of trees. The Thujo occidentolis tree-ring chronology possessed a. interseries correla.ion of 0.62 a.d mea. sensitivity of 0.25. The correla.ion between mea. tempera.ure a.d Thuja.occidenta.is growth wa. wea. a.d va.ia.le. Growth a.d moisture va.ia.les were more strongly correla.ed, a.d this rela.ionship wa. predomina.tly positive. Conclusions： Structura. a.tributes indica.e the forests a.e in the understory reinitia.ion sta.e of forest development. Silvicultura. ma.ipul

关键词： Northern white ceda. Disturba.ce Clima.e Ra.ge Disjunct Ra.ia. growth Regenera.ion

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Explora.ion of cha.nel width sca.ing a.d edge sta.es in tra.sition meta. dicha.cogenides

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Na.o Resea.ch 2018年第4期11卷 1768-1774页

作者： Feng Zha.g Chia.Hui Lee joshua a. Robinson Joerg a.penzeller Depa.tment of Electrica. a.d Computer Engineering Brick Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Depa.tment of Ma.eria.s Science a.d Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

We explore the impa.t of edge sta.es in three types of tra.sition meta. dicha.cogenides （TMDs）, na.ely meta.lic Td-pha.e WTe2 a.d semiconducting 2H-pha.e MoTe2 a.d MoS2, by pa.terning thin fla.es into ribbons with va.ying cha.nel widths. No obvious cha.ge depletion a. the edges is observed for a.y of these three ma.eria.s, in contra.t to observa.ions ma.e for gra.hene na.oribbon devices. The semiconducting ribbons a.e cha.a.terized in a.three-termina. field-effect tra.sistor （FET） geometry. In a.dition, two ribbon a.ra. designs ha.e been ca.efully investiga.ed a.d found to exhibit current levels higher tha. those observed for conventiona. one-cha.nel devices. Our results suggest tha. device structures incorpora.ing a.high number of edges ca. improve the performa.ce of TMD FETs. This improvement is a.tributed to a.higher loca. electric field, resulting from the edges, increa.ing the effective number of cha.ge ca.riers, a.d the a.sence of a.y detrimenta. edge-rela.ed sca.tering.

关键词： two-dimensiona. (2D)-la.ered ma.eria.s edge sta.es WTe2 MoTe2 MoS2 cha.nel width sca.ing

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Medium-cha.n fa.ty a.ids a.d monoglycerides a. feed a.ditives for pig production:towa.ds gut hea.th improvement a.d feed pa.hogen mitiga.ion

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Journa. of a.ima. Science a.d Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 611-625页

作者： joshua a.Ja.kma. RDea. Boyd Cha.les C.Elrod School of Chemica. Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Ha.or Compa.y FranklinKY 42134USA North Ca.olina.Sta.e University RaleighNC 27695USA Na.ura. Biologics Inc. NewfieldNY 14867USA Depa.tment of a.ima. Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA.

Ongoing cha.lenges in the swine industry,such a. reduced a.cess to a.tibiotics a.d virus outbrea.s(e.g.,porcine epidemic dia.rhea.virus,a.rica. swine fever virus),ha.e prompted ca.ls for innova.ive feed a.ditives to support pig ***-cha.n fa.ty a.ids(MCFa.)a.d monoglycerides ha.e emerged a. a.potentia. option due to key molecula. fea.ures a.d versa.ile functions,including inhibitory a.tivity a.a.nst vira. a.d ba.teria. *** this review,we summa.ize recent studies exa.ining the potentia. of MCFa. a.d monoglycerides a. feed a.ditives to improve pig gut hea.th a.d to mitiga.e feed *** molecula. properties a.d biologica. functions of MCFa. a.d monoglycerides a.e first introduced a.ong with a. overview of intervention needs a. different sta.es of pig *** la.est progress in testing MCFa. a.d monoglycerides a. feed a.ditives in pig diets is then presented,a.d their effects on a.wide ra.ge of production issues,such a. growth performa.ce,pa.hogenic infections,a.d gut hea.th,a.e *** utiliza.ion of MCFa. a.d monoglycerides together with other feed a.ditives such a. orga.ic a.ids a.d probiotics is a.so described,a.ong with a.va.ces in molecula. enca.sula.ion a.d delivery ***,we discuss how MCFa. a.d monoglycerides demonstra.e potentia. for feed pa.hogen mitiga.ion to curb disea.e *** forwa.d,we envision tha. MCFa. a.d monoglycerides ma. become a. importa.t cla.s of feed a.ditives in pig production for gut hea.th improvement a.d feed pa.hogen mitiga.ion.

关键词： a.tibiotics Feed pa.hogen mitiga.ion Growth promotion Gut hea.th Immune enha.cement MCFA Medium-cha.n fa.ty a.ids Monoglycerides

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Politics of Ra.l Tra.sport Development in Developing Countries： Ca.e of Nigeria

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Journa. of Civil Engineering a.d a.chitecture 2012年第12期6卷 1695-1702页

作者： joshua a. Odeleye Nigeria. Institute of Tra.sport Technology (NITT) Zaria P.M.B 1148 Nigeria

Ra.l tra.sport in most developing countries, is usua.ly the lea.t developed mode. For insta.ce, in Nigeria.the vibra.t fortune of ra.l tra.sport opera.ions a.d development ha. been on decline since mid *** developmenta. ga. in ra.l tra.sport in Nigeria.is responsible for a.significa.t level of a.cess denia. to a.sa.er, a.forda.le a.d environmenta.ly-friendly mode of tra.sport, to the younger genera.ion of Nigeria.s. Through a.critique of pa.t ra.lwa.s developmenta. projects a.d policies, this pa.er wa. a.le to identify the principa. fa.tors responsible for its inta.gible contributions to the socio-economic development of Nigeria. It further highlighted the role（s） politics of policies inconsistency a.d somersa.lt pla.s, to the detriment of rea.iza.ion of a.vibra.t ra.lwa. system in Nigeria. The findings revea.ed tha. discontinuity a.d incoherence in policy implementa.ion by successful governments, policy reversa. a. well a. uncoordina.ed na.iona. tra.sport policy goa. a.d objectives a. clogs in the wheel of progress of ra.lwa.s development in Nigeria. In conclusion, the pa.er hinged the ra.id development of the ra.l industry in Nigeria.on institutiona. pa.a.igm shift, whereby the ra.l a.thority will enjoy a.rea.ona.le level of a.tonomy in decision ma.ing, fina.ce a.d investment in ra.l opera.ions, infra.tructure supply a.d technologica. a.va.cement in Nigeria.

关键词： Ra.l tra.sport tra.sport policy institutiona. fra.ework public-priva.e pa.ticipa.ion Nigeria.

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Long-Term Summa.y of Ryegra.s Va.ieties a.d Ploidy Types in Mississippi

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a.erica. Journa. of Pla.t Sciences 2014年第21期5卷 3151-3158页

作者： joshua a. White Rocky Lemus Pla.t a.d Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Starkville USA

a.nua. ryegra.s (Lolium multiflourum) is the most importa.t cool-sea.on fora.e crop in Mississippi. It is seeded on more tha. 500,000 a.res every yea. in the sta.e a.d consequently seed compa.ies intensely ma.ket the a.ea.with cla.ms of superior genetic performa.ce. Ma.keting litera.ure observed in Mississippi focuses on the performa.ce of tetra.loid (4×) versus diploid (2×) with cla.ms tha. 4× va.ieties provide better yield, disea.e resista.ce, a.d seedling vigor. These cla.ms ha.e ra.ely been substa.tia.ed on long-term performa.ce va.iety tria.s. a.chived Mississippi Sta.e fora.e va.iety test da.a.from 1987 to 2012 were compiled for 10 diploid a.d tetra.loid va.ieties grown a. four physiogra.hic loca.ions (Sta.kville, Ra.mond, Newton, a.d Popla.ville). Differences in the mea. yields between 2× a.d 4× were only detected in Newton a.d Popla.ville, where 2× va.ieties ha. a.4% yield a.va.ta.e a.d 4× a.era.ed 10% grea.er yields, respectively. a.ross the sta.e, ryegra.s yields for both ploidy levels increa.ed over time (4×, R = 0.19931, P = 0.0105 & 2×, R = 0.18816, P = 0.0003), but correla.ions were va.ia.le by loca.ion. Bioma.s yields for both ploidy levels decrea.ed over time in Sta.kville despite a. increa.e in GDD (Growing Degree Da.s). With the exception of Ra.mond, yea. wa. the only fa.tor influencing yield. The da.a.suggest tha. ploidy level of ryegra.s in Mississippi ha. minima. impa.t on sea.ona. yield production. However, genetic improvement other tha. polyploidy induction ha. increa.ed yield over time.

关键词： a.nua. Ryegra.s Diploid Tetra.loid

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Utiliza.ion of a.nua. Wa.m-Sea.on Gra.ses a. a.Biofuel Source a.d Feedstock By-Product

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a.erica. Journa. of Pla.t Sciences 2014年第21期5卷 3280-3287页

作者： joshua a. White Rocky Lemus Depa.tment of Pla.t a.d Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Starkville USA

a.nua. wa.m-sea.on gra.ses such a. fora.e sorghum, sorghum × suda.gra.s hybrid a.d sunda.gra.s a.e highly productive a.d va.ua.le feed crops (rota.iona. crop a.d sila.e). In a.dition, suga. in the stems of these wa.m-sea.on gra.ses ca. be extra.ted a.d fermented, while the cellulose in the ba.a.se (pressed sta.k) ca. be used for feedstock or cellulosic etha.ol, ma.ing them versa.ile to both the fora.e a.d biofuel industry. Twelve a.nua. wa.m-sea.on gra.ses including fora.e sorghums, suda.gra.s, sorghum × suda.gra.s hybrid, a.d pea.l millet were pla.ted in 1.82 m × 3.35 m plots, ha.vested a.d trea.ed a. sila.e a.d ha. before a.d a.ter sa. remova.. Dry ma.ter (DM) yield from a.single ha.vest in 2011 a.d 2012 were collected a.d a.a.yzed. Further a.a.ysis from the va.ieties includes eva.ua.ion for sa. production, OBrix, crude protein (CP), Neutra. Detergent Fiber (NDF), a.d a.id Detergent Fiber (a.F). Fora.e qua.ity in sila.e wa. nega.ively a.fected by removing the sa. before ensiling, producing qua.ity simila. to tha. of the ha. sa.ples. Suga. yields (SY) were not compa.a.le to sweet sorghum yields reported in the litera.ure, but when considering SY a.ong with ba.a.se yield a.few va.ieties ma. offer the potentia. a. a.dua. purpose crop.

关键词： Bioenergy Sorghum Dua. Purpose Crop Etha.ol from Sorghum Sa.

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a.fa.fa.Esta.lishment, Performa.ce, a.d Persistence in Mississippi When Pla.ted into a.Bermuda.ra.s Swa.d

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a.erica. Journa. of Pla.t Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2220-2226页

作者： joshua a. White Rocky Lemus Depa.tment of Pla.t a.d Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Starkville MS USA

a.fa.fa.is a.high qua.ity fora.e tha. is not often utilized in the southea.tern United Sta.es beca.se of its perceived la.k of a.a.ta.ility to the a.ea. However, the risk of growing a.fa.fa.could be pa.tia.ly mitiga.ed by its inclusion into a. existing bermuda.ra.s system tha. ma.es up a.la.ge portion of pa.tures a.d ha. fields in Mississippi. a.fa.fa.wa. pla.ted into a. existing bermuda.ra.s ha. field a. a.ra.e of 17, 22, 28 a.d 39 kg·ha.1 in no-till a.d minimum till sod prepa.a.ion a.d a.a.yzed for three growing sea.ons. Tilla.e did not a.fect a.y of the va.ia.les observed but seeding ra.e a.d time a.fected DM (dry ma.ter) yield, fora.e nutritive va.ue a.d plot composition. The increa.ing a.fa.fa.seeding ra.e increa.ed a.fa.fa.yield in the plot but this wa. isola.ed to only the first yea.. Dry ma.ter yields decrea.ed over the three yea.s due to the decrea.e in a.fa.fa.composition, but throughout the growing sea.on DM yields increa.ed a.ter the first yea. suggesting bermuda.ra.s recoloniza.ion within the plot. Fora.e nutritive va.ue wa. positively a.fected with a. little a. 20% of the plot composed of a.fa.fa.suggesting tha. even thinning sta.ds by the third yea. might offer economic a.va.ta.es.

关键词： a.fa.fa Bermuda.ra.s a.fa.fa Bermuda.ra.s Mixtures Gra.s Legume Mixtures

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Influence of indoor a.rflow on a.rborne disea.e tra.smission in a.cla.sroom

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Building Simula.ion 2024年第3期17卷 355-370页

作者： Mojta.a.Za.ihi Ri Li joshua Brinkerhoff School of Engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada

It ha. been widely a.cepted tha. the most effective wa. to mitiga.e a.rborne disea.e tra.smission in a. indoor spa.e is to increa.e the ventila.ion a.rflow,mea.ured in a.r cha.ge per hour(a.H).However,increa.ing a.H did not effectively prevent the sprea. of *** better understa.d the role of a.H a.d a.rflow la.ge-sca.e pa.terns,a.comprehensive fully tra.sient computa.iona. fluid dyna.ics(CFD)simula.ion of two-pha.e flows ba.ed on a.discrete pha.e model(DPM)wa. performed in a.university cla.sroom setting with people *** investiga.ions encompa.s va.ious pa.ticle sizes,ventila.ion la.outs,a.d flow *** findings demonstra.ed tha. the pa.ticle size threshold a. which pa.ticles a.e deemed a.rborne is highly influenced by the ba.kground flow strength a.d la.ge-sca.e flow pa.tern,ra.ging from 5µm to 10µm in the ca.es *** effects of occupa.ts a.e significa.t a.d must be precisely a.counted for in respira.ory pa.ticle tra.sport *** enha.ced ventila.ion design(UFa.-CDR)for university cla.srooms is introduced tha. pla.es a.premium on mitiga.ing a.rborne disea.e *** to the ba.eline design a. the sa.e a.H,this design successfully reduced the ma.imum number density of respira.ory pa.ticles by up to 85%.a.novel a.rflow-rela.ed pa.a.eter,Horizonta.ity,is introduced to qua.tify a.d connect the la.ge-sca.e a.rflow pa.tern with indoor a.rosol *** underscores tha. a.H a.one ca.not ensure or regula.e a.r *** a.dition to the necessa.y a.H for a.r excha.ge,minimizing horizonta. bulk motion is essentia. for reducing a.rosol tra.smissibility within the room.

关键词： a.rosol tra.smission a.rflow pa.tern horizonta.ity COVID-19 simula.ion cla.sroom ventila.ion

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