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Real-time PCR diagnosis of Schistosoma j.ponicum in low transmission areas of China

作者： Henry j.mes edited by j. donald Crowley and Richard A. Hocks.

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 87-97页

作者： Pei He Catherine A.Gordon Gail M.Williams Yuesheng Li Yuanyuan Wang j.nj.an Hu Darren j.gray Allen G.Ross donald Harn donald P.McManus Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases YueyangPeople’s Republic of China Molecular Parasitology Laboratory Infectious Diseases DivisionQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Population HealthUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Research School of Population Health The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia University of Georgia College of Veterinary MedicineAthensGAUSA.

Background:Schistosomiasis in the People’s Republic of China(PRC)can be traced back to *** the past 60 years,the Chinese government has made great efforts to control this persistent disease with elimination slated by 2020 through the implementation of a comprehensive control *** strategy aims to reduce the role of bovines and humans as sources of infection as a pre-requisite for elimination through transmission *** goal of elimination will be achievable only by the implementation of a sustainable surveillance and control system,with sensitive diagnosis a key feature so that the true disease burden is not *** used diagnostics lack the necessary sensitivity to accurately determine the prevalence of Schistosoma j.ponicum infection in areas with low infection *** is of critical importance to find and treat people and to identify animals with low-level infections if the National Control Programme for China is to achieve schistosomiasis ***:We evaluated a real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assay using 633 human stool samples collected from five villages in Hunan,Anhui,Hubei,and j.angxi provinces,and 182 bovine(70 cattle and 112 buffalo)stool samples obtained from four villages in Hunan,Anhui,and j.angxi provinces in the *** stool samples were subj.cted to the miracidium hatching test(MHT,a diagnostic procedure used in the National Schistosomiasis Control Programme)and the qPCR *** positive by MHT were subj.cted to either the Kato-Katz technique for humans,or the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion(FEA-SD)procedure for bovines,to determine infection ***:The qPCR assay exhibited a high level of sensitivity in the detection of *** *** both the human and bovine samples,a significantly higher prevalence was determined using the qPCR assay(11.06%humans,24.73%bovines)than with the MHT(0.93%humans,7.69%bovines).The animal contamination

关键词： Schistosomiasis Schistosoma j.ponicum China Real-time PCR Miracidium hatching test Kato-Katz FEA-SD Bovine Human

Health-education to prevent COVID-19 in schoolchildren: a call to action

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 142-144页

作者： Darren j.gray j.hanna Kurscheid Mary Lorraine Mationg Gail M.Williams Catherine Gordon Matthew Kelly Kinley Wangdi donald P.McManus Department of Global Health Research School of Population HealthAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of Public Health University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Infectious Diseases Division QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia

Background:There is currently considerable international debate around school closures/openings and the role of children in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Whilst evidence suggests that children are not impacted by COVID-19 as severely as adults,little is still known about their transmission potential,and with a lot of asymptomatic cases they may be silent transmitters(*** without showing clinical signs of disease),albeit at a lower level than *** relation to this,it is somewhat concerning that in many countries children are cared for,or are often in close contact with,older individuals such as grandparents—the age group most at risk of acquiring serious respiratory complications resulting in *** text:We emphasise that in the absence of a vaccine or an effective therapeutic drug,preventive measures such as good hygiene practices—hand washing,cough etiquette,disinfection of surfaces and social distancing represent the maj.r(in fact only)weapons that we have against ***,we stress that there is a pressing need to develop specific COVID-19 prevention messages for ***:An entertainment education intervention for schoolchildren systematically implemented in schools would be highly effective and fill this *** such measures in place there would be greater confidence around the opening of schools.

关键词： COVID-19 Children Health education Health promotion Prevention

Development of an educational cartoon to prevent worm infections in Chinese schoolchildren

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 240-248页

作者： Franziska A Bieri Li-Ping Yuan Yue-Sheng Li Yong-Kang He Andrew Bedford Robert S Li Feng-Ying Guo Sheng-Ming Li Gail M Williams donald P McManus Giovanna Raso Darren j.gray QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute HerstonBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia The School of Population Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control on Schistosomiasis in Lake RegionYueyangPeople’s Republic of China Andrew Bedford Creative Services BrisbaneAustralia Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire AbidjanCôte d’Ivoire

Background:With more than two billion people infected worldwide,soil-transmitted helminths(STH)are the most widespread *** date,STH control efforts rely predominantly on recurrent mass drug administration(MDA),which does not prevent *** public health measures including novel health educational tools are required for more sustained integrated control of *** describe the development of an educational cartoon video(The Magic Glasses)targeting STH infections in Chinese schoolchildren and its pilot testing in *** applied an extensive community-based mixed methods approach involving input from the target group of 9–10 year old schoolchildren and key informants,such as teachers,doctors and parents,in order to identify potential STH infection risks in the study area and to formulate key messages for the *** development of the educational cartoon included three maj.r steps:formative research,production,and pilot testing and ***:We found that most adults and approximately 50%of the schoolchildren were aware of roundworm(Ascaris)infection,but knowledge of transmission,prevention and treatment of STH was *** in the study area showed that unhygienic food practices,such as eating raw and unwashed fruit or playing in vegetable gardens previously fertilised with human faeces,posed maj.r STH infection ***:It was crucial to assess the intellectual,emotional,social and cultural background of the target population prior to video production in order to integrate the key messages of the cartoon into everyday ***,our strategy for the development of the cartoon and its incorporation into a health education package proved successful,and we provide a summary of recommendations for the development of future educational videos based on our experiences in China.

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Neglected tropical diseases Health promotion Video-based health education package Development of educational cartoon Integrated control Formative research Pilot testing Sustainable control of soil-transmitted helminths

The landscape epidemiology of echinococcoses

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 107-119页

作者： Angela M.Cadavid Restrepo Yu Rong Yang donald P.McManus Darren j.gray Patrick Giraudoux Tamsin S.Barnes Gail M.Williams Ricardo j.Soares Magalhães Nicholas A.S.Hamm Archie C.A.Clements Research School of Population Health The Australian National UniversityCanberraNew South WalesAustralia Ningxia Medical University YinchuanNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R.China Molecular Parasitology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Chrono-environment lab UMR6249University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRSBesançonFrance Institut Universitaire de France ParisFrance The University of Queensland School of Veterinary ScienceGattonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationGattonQueenslandAustralia School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Child Health Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands

Echinococcoses are parasitic diseases of maj.r public health importance *** infection results in chronic disease with poor prognosis and serious medical,social and economic consequences for vulnerable *** to recent estimates,the geographical distribution of Echinococcus *** is expanding and becoming an emerging and re-emerging problem in several regions of the *** endemicity is geographically heterogeneous and over time it may be affected by global environmental ***,landscape epidemiology offers a unique opportunity to quantify and predict the ecological risk of infection at multiple spatial and temporal ***,we review the most relevant environmental sources of spatial variation in human echinococcosis risk,and describe the potential applications of landscape epidemiological studies to characterise the current patterns of parasite transmission across natural and human-altered *** advocate future work promoting the use of this approach as a support tool for decision-making that facilitates the design,implementation and monitoring of spatially targeted interventions to reduce the burden of human echinococcoses in disease-endemic areas.

关键词： Landscape epidemiology Helminth infection Human echinococcosis Echinococcus spp Environmental change Geographic information systems Remote sensing Geostatistics

Estimating the prevalence of Echinococcus in domestic dogs in highly endemic for echinococcosis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 761-769页

作者： Cong-Nuan Liu Yang-Yang Xu Angela M.Cadavid-Restrepo Zhong-Zi Lou Hong-Bin Yan Li Li Bao-Quan Fu Darren j.gray Archie A.Clements Tamsin S.Barnes Gail M.Williams Wan-Zhong j.a donald P.McManus Yu-Rong Yang State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute CAASLanzhou 730046People’s Republic of China The Human Pathology and Immunology Department Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionPeople’s Republic of China Neurosurgery Department Tianjin Xiqing HospitalTianjinPeople’s Republic of China Molecular Parasitology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia Research School of Population Health Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of Population Health Infectious Disease Epidemiology UnitUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandGattonAustralia

Background:Cystic echinococcosis(CE)and alveolar echinococcosis(AE)are highly endemic in Xij. County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(NHAR)in China where the control campaign based on dog de-worming with praziquantel has been undertaken over preceding *** study is to determine the current prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus and *** in domestic dogs and monitor the echinococcosis transmission ***:Study villages were selected using landscape patterns(Geographic Information System,GIS)for Echinococcus transmission“hot spots”,combined with hospital records identifying risk areas for AE and CE.A survey of 750 domestic dogs,including copro-sampling and owner questionnaires,from 25 selected villages,was undertaken in 2012.A copro-multiplex PCR assay was used for the specific diagnosis of *** and *** in the *** analysis,using IBM SPSS Statistics,was undertaken,to compare the prevalence of the two Echinococcus *** dogs between four geographical areas of Xij. by theχ^(2)*** analysis of the combinations of outcomes from the questionnaire and copro-PCR assay data was carried out to determine the significant risk factors for dog ***:The highest de-worming rate of 84.0%was found in the northwest area of Xij. County,and significant differences(Pj. were *** highest prevalence(19.7%,59/300)of *** occurred in northwest Xij.,though the highest prevalence(18.1%,38/210)of *** occurred in southwest *** was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the prevalence of *** in dogs from the northwest,southwest,northeast,and southeast of Xij.,but there were significant differences(P<0.05)between dogs infected with *** from the four *** of the other independent variables was statistically ***:The results from this study indicate a high prevalenc

关键词： Domestic dog surveys Dog-copro-multiplex PCR assay Co-endemicity of Echinococcus granulosus and E.multilocularis Xij. County Ningxia hui autonomous region(NHAR) P.R.China

The control of soil-transmitted helminthiases in the Philippines: the story continues

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 98-98页

作者： Mary Lorraine S.Mationg Veronica L.Tallo Gail M.Williams Catherine A.Gordon Archie C.A.Clements donald P.McManus Darren j.gray Department of Global Health Research School of Population HealthThe Australian National UniversityBuilding 62 Mills RdActon ACTCanberra 2601Australia 不详

Background:Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections have long been an important public health concern in the *** this review,we describe the current status of STH infections there and highlight the control efforts undertaken to reduce STH *** text:A nationwide STH mass drug administration(MDA)programme was started in 2006 but the overall STH prevalence remains stubbornly high across the Philippines,rangi ng from 24.9%to 97.4%.

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Epidemiology Control The Philippines

Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus and *** in domestic dogs in a Chinese community highly endemic for echinococcosis

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Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus and *** in domestic do...