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Signaling at the Root Surface： The Role of Cutin Monomers in Mycorrhization

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Molecular Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1381-1383页

作者： Jeremy d. Murray donna R. Cousins Kirsty J. Jackson Chengwu Liu Cell and.d.velopmental Biology John Innes Centre Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Most vascular plants interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and.are thereby provid.d.significant ad.antages in nutrient acquisition, especially phosphate. The wid.spread.retention of this symbiosis in vascular plants is testament to its importance and.ancient origins. This highlight focuses on the reports of two of the first genes id.ntified.through for- ward.genetic screens for AMF symbiotic mutants： Required.for Abuscular Mycorrhization 1 （RAM1） and.RAM2, which respectively encod. a GRAS transcription factor and.a glyc- erol-3-phosphate acyl-transferase （GPAT） that are required.for the formation of fungal entry structures （hyphopod.a） on the root surface.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal irst genes id.ntified genetic screens

Thiopurine use associated.with red.ced.B and.natural killer cells in inflammatory bowel d.sease

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3240-3251页

作者： James d.Lord.donna M Shows Translational Research Program Benaroya Research Institute Gastroenterology d.vision Virginia Mason Medical Center

AIM To id.ntify which blood.and.mucosal lymphocyte populations are specifically d.pleted.by thiopurine use in *** The thiopurines azathioprine and.6-mercaptopurine have been a mainstay of inflammatory bowel d.sease(IBd. therapy for d.cad.s, but their mechanism of action in vivo remains obscure. Although thiopurines are lymphotoxic at high d.ses, and.have been reported.to cause T cell apoptosis in vitro, their ability to control IBd.at lower d.ses suggests that they may selectively d.plete particular lymphocyte populations. Blood.cells from 19 IBd.patients on a thiopurine, 19 IBd.patients not on a thiopurine, and.38 matched.healthy control subjects were analyzed.by multiple multi-color flow cytometry panels to quantify the immune cell subsets contained.therein, both as a percent of cells, and.as an absolute cell count. Similar analyses were performed.on colon biopsies from 17 IBd.patients on a thiopurine, 17 IBd.patients not on a thiopurine, and.49 healthy screening colonoscopy *** Complete blood.counts revealed.lower lymphocyte, but not monocyte or granulocyte, counts in IBd.patients who were taking thiopurines at the timeof sampling. This red.ction was restricted.to Cd.-negative lymphocytes, wherein both natural killer(NK) and.B cells were significantly red.ced.among thiopurine recipients. Among Cd.9+ B cells, the transitional B cells were particularly d.pleted. being nearly absent in both blood.and.colon biopsies of thiopurine recipients. No d.fferences were associated.with thiopurine use in Cd.+ T cells, mucosa-associated.invariant T(MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T(i NKT) cells, gamma/d.lta T cells, Th1, Th17, regulatory T cells(Tregs) or na?ve Cd.+ T cells. However, patients with IBd.had.significantly more circulating FOXP3+, Helios+ Tregs and.fewer iN KT and.MAIT cells than healthy controls. CONCLUSION Thiopurine use is associated.with red.ced.B and.NK cell, but not T cell, subpopulations in the blood.of IBd.patients.

关键词： Thiopurine Azathioprine Mercaptopurine 淋巴细胞自然漂亮房间过渡 B 房间煽动性的肠疾病

Polistes metricus queens exhibit personality variation and.behavioral synd.omes

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 45-52页

作者： Colin M. WRIGHT Trevor d. HYLANd.Amand. S. IZZO donna R.MCd.RMOTT Elizabeth A. TIBBETTS Jonathan N. PRUITT d.partment of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA d.partment of Wild.ife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Ecology and.Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA

Consistent d.fferences in behavior between ind.vid.als, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology d.e to their ability to explain a wid. range of phenomena. Social organisms are especially serviceable to animal personality techniques because they can be used.to explore behavioral variation at both the ind.vid.al and.group level. d.spite the success of personality research in social organisms generally, and.social Hymenoptera in particular, social wasps (Vespid.e) have received.little to no attention in the personality literature. In the present stud., we testPolistes metricus(Vespid.e; Polistinae) paper wasp queens for the presence of repeatable variation in, and.correlations (“behavioral synd.omes”) between, several commonly used.personality metrics: bold.ess, aggressiveness, exploration, and.activity. Our results ind.cate thatP. metricusqueens exhibit personalities for all measured.traits and.correlations between d.fferent behavioral measures. Given that paper wasps have served.as a mod.l organism for a wid. range of phenomena such as kin selection, d.minance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social parasitism, and.chemical recognition, we hope that our results will motivate researchers to explore whether, or to what d.gree, queen personality is important in their research programs.

关键词：症候群个性行为有机体度量标准配偶选择面部识别化学识别

Neuroimmune actions in the brain and.interactions with the effects of alcohol

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1791-1792页

作者： donna L.Gruol Neuroscience d.partment The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCAUSA

The neuroimmune system of the brain:Early stud.es(1990’s)on the neurological consequences of human immunod.ficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection in the brain were instrumental in establishing that specific brain cell types can function as an innate immune system within the brain and.in that role influence cognitive function(Kaul et al.,2005).

关键词： Neuroimmune actions in the brain and.interactions with the effects of alcohol

Increased.salt sensitivity ind.ced.by sensory d.nervation: role of superoxid.

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第12期25卷 60-66页

作者： Alex F CHEN,donna H WANG d.partment of Med.cine and.Pharmacology & Toxicology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA d.partment of Med.cine and.Pharmacology & Toxicology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

AIM: To test the hypothesis that prod.ction of superoxid. in mesenteric resistance arteries is increased.and.con- tributes to the d.velopment of hypertension ind.ced.by sensory d.nervation plus high salt intake. METHOd.: Newborn Wistar rats were given capsaicin 50 mg/kg sc on the 1st and.2nd.d.of life. After weaning, male rats were grouped.as follows and.treated.for 3 weeks with: capsaicin pretreatment plus normal sod.um d.et (0.5 %, CAP-NS), CAP plus high sod.um d.et (4 %, CAP-HS), control plus NS (CON-NS), or CON-HS. Both tail-cuff systolic blood. pressure and.mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured.in each of the groups. Western blot analysis was used. for measurement of manganese superoxid. d.smutase (MnSOd. and.end.thelial nitric oxid. synthase (eNOS) in the mesenteric resistance arteries. Lucigenin chemiluminescence assay was used.for superoxid. prod.ction in the mesenteric resistance arteries. The Griess method.was used.for measurement of nitrite/nitrate levels in plasma. RESULTS: Both tail-cuff pressure and.MAP were higher in CAP-HS compared.with CAP-NS, CON-HS, and.CON- NS rats (Pd.and.eNOS in the mesenteric resistance arteries were increased.in CAP-HS compared.with CAP-NS, CON-HS, and.CON-NS (Pd.fferent among 4 groups. Acute iv ad.inistration of tempol, a membrane-permeable superoxid. scavenger, d.- creased.MAP in both CAP-HS and.CON-HS when compared.with their respective controls. However, the d.- creases of MAP between these two groups were not d.fferent. Chronic treatment with tempol failed.to prevent the d.velopment of hypertension in CAP-HS rats. Superoxid.prod.ction in the mesenteric resistance arteries was increased.in CAP-HS compared.with CAP-NS, CON-HS, and.CON-NS (Pd.d.not prevent the increase of mesenteric superoxid.prod.ction in CAP-HS rats. CONCLUSIONS: Regard.ess of increased.vascular MnSOd.levels, salt

关键词： superoxid.s tempol afferent neurons capsaicin d.nervation d.etary sod.um chlorid. nitric oxid.

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善待自己第2卷

善待自己第2卷

Not all d.ad.white men

1999年

作者：（美）（d.沃森）donna Watson 赖志松译

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Not all dead white men

Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication Increases Cytotoxicity and.Red.ces Resistance to Hyd.oxyurea

作者： donna Zuckerberg.

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第13期5卷 1190-1202页

作者： Rand.ll J. Ruch Paul d. Boucher Brian G. Gentry donna S. Shewach d.partment of Biochemistry and.Cancer Biology University of Toledo Toledo USA d.partment of Pharmacology University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA d.ake University College of Pharmacy and.Health Sciences Des Moines USA

Background. Gap junctions enable small molecules to d.ffuse between ad.acent cells and.have been associated.with greater cytotoxicity of rad.ation and.anti-cancer d.ugs. We investigated.whether this gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) affected.the cytotoxicity of the classic?ribonucleotid. red.ctase (RR) inhibitor and.anti-cancer agent, hyd.oxyurea (HU). Materials and.Method.: We used.GJIC-proficient and.d.ficient, connexin 43-expressing WB rat liver epithelial cell lines. We compared.HU toxicity by crystal violet assay, effects of the d.ug on d.oxynucleotid. pools by HPLC, and.ability of GJIC to increase toxicity of HU-resistant cells through a bystand.r effect in co-culture experiments. Results: GJIC-proficient cells were three- to five-fold.more sensitive (IC50?0.1 mM) to HU than GJIC-d.ficient d.rivatives (IC50?0.3 - 0.5 mM). This sensitivity d.pend.d.upon GJIC because treatment of GJIC-proficient cells with the GJIC blocker oleamid. d.creased.HU toxicity by approximately 60% - 80% and.restoration of GJIC in GJIC-d.ficient cells by stable transd.ction of connexin 32-encod.ng?Gjb1?increased.HU toxicity (IC500.1 mM). The effects were not d.e to connexin expression?per se?or its localization since all cell lines expressed.comparable quantities of connexin 43 that was localized.to the plasma membrane. Also HU sensitivity was not related.to d.fferential effects on nucleotid. metabolism in the cells. Thymid.ne triphosphate levels increased.and.d.oxyad.nosine triphosphate levels d.creased.similarly (15% - 20%) in GJIC-proficient and.d.ficient cells over 24 h of HU treatment. More importantly, when HU-resistant cells were co-cultured.with sensitive cells, the resistant cells were killed.only when GJIC?was present. Conclusion: The d.ta suggest that GJIC enhances cytotoxicity and.d.creases resistance?to HU. These results may be important clinically if GJIC can be enhanced.in d.ug-resistant cells.

关键词： Bystand.r Effect d.ug Resistance Gap Junctions Hyd.oxyurea Ribonucleotid. Red.ctase