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Pollen indication to source plants in the eastern desert of China

Science Bulletin 2005年第15期 98-107页

作者： LI Yuecong1,2, XU Qinghai2, ZHAO Yingkui3, YANG Xiaolan4, XIAO Jule1, CHEN Hui2,5 & Lü Xinmiao5 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. College of Resources and Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China 3. Department of Environmental Management, University of Central Lancashire, preston, UN 4. Hebei Geography Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, China 5. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

In order to investigate the indication of major pollen types to source plants, 39 surface pollen samples are collected from 39 plant communities. The results show that diversity of pollen assemblages presents in different commu-nities. Chenopodiaceae pollen percentages are highest in Kalidium communities and Ceratoides communities (higher than 45%, average is 63.4%), but high Ephedra pollen per-centages (higher than 3.3%, average is 16.5%)in Ceratoides communities make it distinguished from Kalidium communi-ties. Artemisia pollen percentages (more than 50%) are much higher than Chenopodiaceae (less than 35%) in Artemisia Communities. Nitraria pollen percentages (higher than 2%, average is 13.6%) are highest in Nitraria communities com-pared with those in other community patterns. Tamariceae pollen percentages (higher than 2%, average is 8.6%) are highest both in Tetraena and Reaumuria communities com-pared with those in other community patterns. But in Reau-muria communities, Artemisia pollen percentages are higher than Chenopodiaceae with some other pollen types such as Gramineae, Compositae, Leguminosae; on the contrary, in Tetraena communities, Artemisia pollen percentages are less than Chenopodiaceae with few other pollen types. Calli-gonum pollen only appears in Calligonum communities (higher than 2%,average is 5%). The results of cluster analysis (CLA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) show that the pollen indication to source plants can be reflected by association indices (A), over-representation in-dices (O), under-representation indices (U), R-value, the av-erage pollen percentages where parent plants are absent (Xa) and the average pollen percentages where parent plants are present (Xp). Zygophyllum, Calligonum, Tetraena, Tribulus and Tamariceae can indicate source plants very well, owing to high A scores. Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae have high R-values, and Nitraria, Cruciferae and sedum have high O scores, so they are over-represente

关键词： eastern desert of China pollen indication association indices (A) over-representation indices (O) under-representation indices (U) correlation coefficients (CC) similarity coefficients (C) detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) cluster analysis (CLA) ratios of Nitraria and Ephedra (N/E) ratios of Ephedra and Artemisia (E/A) ratios of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae (A/C).

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Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and testosterone in men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2004年第3期6卷 211-215页

作者： J.T.Manning S.Wood E.Vang J.Walton P.E.Bundred C.van Heyningen D.I.Lewis-Jones Department of Psychology University of Central LancashirePreston PR1 2HEUK Reproductive Medicine Unit Liverpool Women's HospitalCrown StreetLiverpool L8 7SSUK Department of Medical Imaging The University of LiverpoolPO Box 147Liverpool L69 3BXUK Department of Primary Care The University of LiverpoolLiverpool L69 3GXUK University Hospital Aintree Liverpool L9 7ALUK Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology University of LiverpoolLiverpool Women's HospitalCrown StreetLiverpool L8 7SSUK

Aim: To investigate the relationship between 2D:4D and testosterone in men attending an infertility clinic and men drawn from the general population. Methods: Data on 2D:4D and testosterone from two samples were collected: (1) 43 men attending an infertility clinic, and (2) 51 men drawn from the general population without regard to fertility. Results: In sample (1) there were negative associations between 2D:4D and testicular function, and men with lower 2D:4D in their right compared to left hand had higher testosterone levels than men with higher 2D:4D in their right compared to left hand. Sample (2) showed no significant associations between 2D:4D or side differences in 2E>:4D and testosterone. Conclusion: Adult levels of testosterone may be related to aspects of 2D:4D in samples which contain men with compromised testicular function, but not in men from normative samples. Associations between 2D:4D and fertility-associated traits probably arise from early organisational effects of testosterone rather than from activational effects of current testosterone.

关键词： 2nd to 4th digit ratio 2D:4D testosterone

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颈部动脉夹层分离及其与颈椎推拿疗法的联系：美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2015年第5期23卷 321-334页

作者： José Biller Ralph L. Sacco Felipe C. Albuquerque Bart M. Demaerschalk Pierre Fayad preston H. Long Lori D. Noorollah Peter D. Panagos Wouter I. Schievink Neil E. Schw artz Ashfaq Shuaib David E. Thaler David L. Tirschw ell 牛牧陈进宋艳吴丹王玉琴柯开富不详南通大学附属医院神经内科 226001

目的：颈部动脉夹层分离（cervicalarterydissection,CD）是中青年人卒中的最常见病因。本指南旨在对CD诊治的现有证据水平以及其与颈椎推拿疗法（cervical manipulative therapy, CMT）的统计学联系进行回顾。某些类型的CMT是由医疗专... 详细信息

目的：颈部动脉夹层分离（cervicalarterydissection,CD）是中青年人卒中的最常见病因。本指南旨在对CD诊治的现有证据水平以及其与颈椎推拿疗法（cervical manipulative therapy, CMT）的统计学联系进行回顾。某些类型的CMT是由医疗专业人员对颈椎施加猛烈或轻柔的推力。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会以及美国心脏协会的手稿监督委员会任命。各成员负责与其专业领域相关的主题，回顾适当的文献并参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见，对现有证据进行总结并指出目前的知识空白。结果CD患者可表现为单侧头痛、后颈部痛或主要由动脉－动脉栓塞导致的脑或视网膜缺血（短暂性缺血或卒中）、CD脑神经麻痹、眼交感神经麻痹或搏动性耳鸣。CD的诊断依赖于完整的病史、体格检查和针对性的辅助检查。尽管轻微创伤的作用存在争议，但机械压力可造成椎动脉和颈内动脉内膜损伤，进而导致CD。CD患者的残疾程度存在差异，一些患者预后良好，但有些患者则会出现严重神经系统后遗症。目前尚无循证指南可用来指导CD的最佳处理策略。抗血小板和抗凝治疗均被用于局部血栓和继发性栓塞的预防。病例对照研究和其他文献提示CD[尤其是椎动脉夹层分离（vertebral artery dissection, VAD）]与CMT之间存在流行病学联系，但尚不清楚这是由于对先前存在的CD认识不足还是CMT导致的创伤。超声、CT血管造影以及磁共振血管造影都有助于CD的诊断。神经影像学随访首选无创性检查措施，但我们认为任何单一的检查方法都不能作为金标准。结论 CD是中青年患者发生缺血性卒中的重要病因。CD最好发于颈椎上段，可累及颈内动脉或椎动脉。尽管目前的生物力学证据不足以证实CMT 可导致CD，但临床报道提示机械压力在相当一部分CD中起着一定的作用，而且大多数基于人群的对照研究在年轻患者中显示CMT与VAD卒中之间存在联系。尽管对于曾经接受过CMT的患者，CMT相关性CD的发生率尚不完全清楚并且很可能较低，但当有临床症状时，医生应考虑到CD的可能性，并且在进行颈椎推拿前告知患者CD与CMT之间的统计学联系。

关键词： AHA科学声明颈部动脉夹层分离椎动脉夹层分离颈椎推拿疗法颈椎矫正诊断

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