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清史研究 1996年第2期 70-77页

作者：杨东梁

ZhangJian’s polititcal pursuits included three aspects: promoting political improvements to make his country prosperous and powerful ;carrying out reform gradually; maintaining political stablity There were three motivations for these pursuits:the inspiration of patriotism,the drive of economic interests and the influence of social relations. The cornerstone of Zhang’s program was a constitu tional monarchy,which was undoubtedly an improvement, and therefore accorded with the demands of the times. However, Zhang could not overcome the limitations, of his class status, his knowledge and his personality,so his political in clination tended to be conservative and moderate

关键词：政治追求立宪运动张謇袁世凯君主立宪辛亥革命 “二次革命” 中国资产阶级翁同和政治态度

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略论甲午战争中的主战与主和

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清史研究 1994年第4期 57-62页

作者：杨东梁

Three main points, are discussed in this paper: first, the substance of pro - wat and anti-war sentiment during the Sino - Japanese War of 1894 - 95; second, the concrete manifestations of the debate between the two factions during the different stages of the war; and third, the question of which faction should bear responsibility for losing the war. The paper argues that the debate betweenrthe pro - war and antim-war camps should be studied within the context of the struggle betweop the invasion of imperialism and the resistance of the people in modeern China. In the"days when the big powers dominated the world, the victims of their aggression had no choice but to rise against the invaders to defend their national independence and state sovereignty by waging ajust anti - aggression war. Although the debate between the pro - war and anti - war factions ran throughout the entire war, the issues they debated the polices they advanced and the measures they adopted were not the same in the different stages of the war

关键词：甲午战争李鸿章翁同和主战派中国近代史主和派《马关条约》清政府日本甲午战前

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晚清海权观的萌发与滞后

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社会科学战线 2010年第10期 117-122页

作者：杨东梁中国人民大学图书馆北京100872

中国近代海洋意识的觉醒经历了一个漫长过程,直至鸦片战争爆发后,才开始萌发近代海防观念,从林则徐、魏源到左宗棠、李鸿章、丁日昌,由于这些少数有识之士的倡导,开始具有了初步的海防观念。随后,经过两次"海防议"的大讨论,促进了近代... 详细信息

中国近代海洋意识的觉醒经历了一个漫长过程,直至鸦片战争爆发后,才开始萌发近代海防观念,从林则徐、魏源到左宗棠、李鸿章、丁日昌,由于这些少数有识之士的倡导,开始具有了初步的海防观念。随后,经过两次"海防议"的大讨论,促进了近代中国海防意识的觉醒。但海权观的淡薄始终成为晚清执政者的痼疾,终于导致海权丧失、主权丧失的恶果。这一沉痛的历史教训是今人必须认真汲取的。

关键词：晚清海权观海洋意识海防观念

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论中国近代的海防与塞防

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军事历史 1990年第6期 17-21页

作者：杨东梁中国人民大学副教授

我们多民族统一国家的疆土基本上是清朝前期奠定的。康熙、乾隆年间,清王朝为统一全国、稳定版图做出了不懈努力,终于使中国疆域东至库页岛,东南至台湾;西跨葱岭,西北至巴尔喀什湖;南包南海的南沙群岛;北连西伯利亚。这样一个空前统一... 详细信息

我们多民族统一国家的疆土基本上是清朝前期奠定的。康熙、乾隆年间,清王朝为统一全国、稳定版图做出了不懈努力,终于使中国疆域东至库页岛,东南至台湾;西跨葱岭,西北至巴尔喀什湖;南包南海的南沙群岛;北连西伯利亚。这样一个空前统一的封建帝国,不仅陆疆广大,而且海域辽阔。因此,从国防战略角度考察,海防与塞防都是不容忽视的问