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Annual and seasonal changes of the air temperature with altitude in the Upper Dades valley, High Atlas, Morocco

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第1期19卷 85-102页

作者： żmudzka elwira DŁUŻEWSKI Maciej DĄBSKI Maciej LEZIAK Kamil ROJAN Elżbieta Department of Climatology Faculty of Geography and Regional StudiesUniversity of WarsawKrakowskie Przedmieście 3000-927 WarsawPoland Department of Geomorphology Faculty of Geography and Regional StudiesUniversity of WarsawKrakowskie Przedmieście 3000-927 WarsawPoland

The purpose of this study is to determine the size of air temperature changes with altitude in the mountains of the arid zone, on the example of the Upper Dades valley(High Atlas, Morocco). The air temperature change with altitude was determined on the basis of 5 years data from three meteorological stations. The analysis was carried out on an annual and seasonal basis. The annual and daily variations of thermal gradients between pairs of stations were also determined. It was found that the average thermal gradient in the Upper Dades valley was-1.02℃ per 100 m. The highest values of the thermal gradient occur in winter and the lowest in summer. In winter,the thermal gradient was characterized by the greatest variability. Minima of the daily variation of air temperature gradients were observed in early morning hours and maxima around midday. In the lower part of the valley, air temperature inversion frequently developed between 10 AM and 3 PM *** obtained results show high thermal gradients in the mountains of the arid zone, with their annual amplitude increasing in the lower parts of the *** instantaneous values of the gradients were significantly modified by the supply of latent heat and the occurrence of dust storms. It has been shown that the advection factor plays an important role in shaping large gradient values. The study contains novel results of thermal gradient measurements in high mountains of arid zone.

关键词： Air temperature gradient Thermal inversion Annual and seasonal variability Synoptic situation High mountains of arid zone High Atlas Mountains

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Limited acid deposition inferred from diatoms during the 20th century--A case study from lakes in the Tatra Mountains

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 92-106页

作者： elwira Sienkiewicz Michal Gasiorowski Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences Research Centre at Warsaw St. Twarda SI/SS Warsaw PL-00818 Poland

Mountain lakes are usually sensitive to the effects of global and regional environmental changes. Since the second half of the 20 th century, surface-water acidification has become a significant ecological problem, and many lakes in Europe and North America have anthropogenically acidified. Additionally, following reduction in emissions of sulfur（S） and nitrogen（N） compounds, recovery from acidification has been observed in many lakes. In this study, we used changes in diatom communities to reconstruct the p H histories based on changes recorded in nine Tatra lakes（Western Carpathians, Poland） since approximately1850 AD. Overall, results indicate that acidic precipitation had little influence on lake-water p H in the Tatra Mountain lakes. Changes in diatom-inferred p H（DI-p H） generally were small and showed little evidence of acidification during the time of the highest air pollution（since the 1960 s）, and have shown little change since the reduction of acidic deposition since the 1990 s. Lakes that showed some evidence of acidification included dystrophic lakes with low acid neutralizing capacity. However, as illustrated by the PCA trajectories of the diatom assemblages, the majority of the lakes currently contain diatom assemblages that are unlike the diatom floras that existed ca. 1850.

关键词： Lake Palaeolimnology Environmental impact assessment Algae Acidification Pollution

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