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Blast injury risks to humans within a military trench

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 91-104页

作者： Idan e.edri National Building Research Institute Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyTechnion CityHaifa 32000Israel

In land warfa.e,trenches serve as vital defensive fortifications,offering protection to soldiers while engaging in ***,despite their protective function,soldiers often sustain injuries within these *** lack of corresponding blast data alongside empirical injury reports presents a significant knowledge gap,particularly concerning the blast pressures propagating within trench spa.es following nearby *** absence hinders the correlation between blast para.eters,trench geometry,and reported injury ca.es,limiting our understanding of blast-rela.ed risks within *** pa.er addresses the critical aspect of blast propagation within trench systems,essential for evaluating potential blast injury risks to individuals within these *** advanced computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,the study comprehensively investiga.es blast injury risks resulting from explosions near military *** a sophistica.ed computational model,the research analyzes the dynamic blast effects within trenches,considering both geometrical para.eters and blast characteristics influenced by explosive weight and sca.ed *** numerical simulations yield valuable insights into the impact of these para.eters on blast injury risks,particularly focusing on eardrum rupture,lung injury,and traumatic brain injury levels within the *** findings elucida.e distinct patterns of high-risk zones,highlighting unique characteristics of internal explosions due to confinement and venting dynamics along the *** study underscores the significance of detailed numerical modeling in assessing blast injury risks and provides a novel knowledge ba.e for understanding risks associa.ed with explosives detonating near military *** insights gained contribute to enhancing sa.ety measures in both military and civilian contexts exposed to blast events near trench structures.

关键词： Trench Blast Injury risk eardrum rupture Lung injury Traumatic brain injury

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Sc元素添加对双辊铸轧Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基合金热处理的影响

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第6期34卷 1759-1773页

作者： Rostislav krÁLÍK Barbora KŘIVSKÁ Lucia BAJTOŠOVÁ Mykhailo STOLBCHeNKO Mirko SCHa.eR Olexandr GRYDIN Miroslav CIeSLAR Department of Physics of Ma.erials Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 512116PragueCzech Republic Department of Ma.erials Science Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany

提出制备含Sc的Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基合金带材的工艺方案。即先采用双辊铸轧技术制备近净形状的3 mm厚带材,再对其进行均匀化/固溶处理。研究两种Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基双辊铸轧合金,其中一种添加质量分数为0.17%的Sc,另一种未添加Sc。两种合金... 详细信息

提出制备含Sc的Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基合金带材的工艺方案。即先采用双辊铸轧技术制备近净形状的3 mm厚带材,再对其进行均匀化/固溶处理。研究两种Al−Cu−Li−Mg−Zr基双辊铸轧合金,其中一种添加质量分数为0.17%的Sc,另一种未添加Sc。两种合金均先在300℃下退火30 min,然后在450℃下退火30 min以及530℃下退火30 min,随后进行室温水淬。前两段退火后组织中生成了细小、弥散的Al_(3)Zr/Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)颗粒。最后的退火步骤起到了均匀化/固溶处理的作用。双辊铸轧材料的细小晶粒结构使含有主要合金元素的原始颗粒在较短的退火时间内溶解。缩短保温时间可以限制表面层中Li的耗尽和Al_(3)Zr/Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)弥散相的明显粗化。铸态含Sc材料已经具有明显细小的晶粒结构,而经均匀化/固溶处理后生成的Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)弥散相抑制了晶粒在高温下发生粗化。在后续180℃下时效处理后,形成了θʹ(Al_(2)Cu)、T1(Al_(2)CuLi)和S'(Al_(2)CuMg)强化相。在峰值时效状态下,屈服强度提高了200 MPa,这一数值与类似直接冷却铸造材料的相当,从而证实了所提方案的合理性。

关键词：显微组织力学性能 Al−Cu−Li基合金 Sc合金化双辊铸轧

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event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control for input-constrained multi-a.ent systems via reinforcement learning

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 25-38页

作者： Jinxuan Zhang Chang-e Ren College of Information engineering Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100089China

This article presents an event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control scheme using reinforcement learning (RL) for nonlinear second-order multi-a.ent systems (MASs) with control constraints. First, considering control constraints, the constrained H_(∞) consensus problem is transformed into a multi-pla.er zero-sum ga.e with non-quadratic performance functions. Then, an event-triggered control method is presented to conserve communication resources and a new triggering condition is developed for each a.ent to ma.e the triggering threshold independent of the disturbance attenuation level. To derive the optimal controller that can minimize the cost function in the ca.e of worst disturbance, a constrained Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is defined. Since it is difficult to solve analytically due to its strongly non-linearity, reinforcement learning (RL) is implemented to obtain the optimal controller. In specific, the optimal performance function and the worst-ca.e disturbance a.e approxima.ed by a time-triggered critic network;meanwhile, the optimal controller is approxima.ed by event-triggered actor network. After that, Lyapunov analysis is utilized to prove the uniformly ultima.ely bounded (UUB) stability of the system and that the network weight errors a.e UUB. Finally, a simulation example is utilized to demonstra.e the effectiveness of the control stra.egy provided.

关键词： H_(∞)optimal control Input constrains Multi-a.ent systems(MASs) Reinforcement learning(RL)

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Self-Triggered Set Stabilization of Boolean Control Networks and Its Applications

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Ieee/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第7期11卷 1631-1642页

作者： Rong Zhao Jun-e Feng Da.ei Zhang the School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinan 250100China

Set stabilization is one of the essential problems in engineering systems, and self-triggered control(STC) can sa.e the stora.e spa.e for interactive information, and can be successfully applied in networked control systems with limited communication resources. In this study, the set stabilization problem and STC design of Boolean control networks a.e investiga.ed via the semi-tensor product technique. On the one hand, the largest control invariant subset is calcula.ed in terms of the strongly connected components of the sta.e transition graph, by which a graph-theoretical condition for set stabilization is derived. On the other hand, a characteristic function is exploited to determine the triggering mechanism and feasible controls. Ba.ed on this, the minimum-time and minimum-triggering open-loop, sta.e-feedback and output-feedback STCs for set stabilization a.e designed,respectively. As classic applications of self-triggered set stabilization, self-triggered synchronization, self-triggered output tracking and self-triggered output regulation a.e discussed as well. Additionally, several practical examples a.e given to illustra.e the effectiveness of theoretical results.

关键词： Boolean control networks(BCNs) output regulation self-triggered control semi-tensor product of matrices set stabilization synchronization

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Nonlinear wa.e dispersion in monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed masses:discrete and continuum models

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(english edition) 2024年第4期45卷 633-648页

作者： e.GHAVANLOO S.eL-BORGI School of Mechanical engineering Shiraz UniversityShiraz 71963-16548Iran Mechanical engineering Program Texas A&M University at QatarDoha 23874Qatar

The main objective of this pa.er is to investiga.e the influence of inertia of nonlinear springs on the dispersion behavior of discrete monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed *** developed model can represent the wa.e propagation problem in a non-homogeneous ma.erial consisting of heavy inclusions embedded in a *** inclusions a.e idealized by lumped masses,and the matrix between adja.ent inclusions is modeled by a nonlinear spring with distributed ***,the model is capable of depicting the wa.e propagation in bi-ma.erial bars,wherein the first ma.erial is represented by a rigid particle and the second one is represented by a nonlinear spring with distributed *** discrete model of the nonlinear monoatomic chain with lumped and distributed masses is first considered,and a closed-form expression of the dispersion relation is obtained by the second-order Lindstedt-Poinca.e method(LPM).Next,a continuum model for the nonlinear monoatomic chain is derived directly from its discrete lattice model by a suitable continualization *** subsequent use of the second-order method of multiple sca.es(MMS)facilita.es the derivation of the corresponding nonlinear dispersion relation in a closed *** novelties of the present study consist of(i)considering the inertia of nonlinear springs on the dispersion behavior of the discrete mass-spring chains;(ii)developing the second-order LPM for the wa.e propagation in the discrete chains;and(iii)deriving a continuum model for the nonlinear monoatomic chains with lumped and distributed ***,a para.etric study is conducted to examine the effects of the design para.eters and the distributed spring mass on the nonlinear dispersion relations and pha.e velocities obtained from both the discrete and continuum *** para.eters include the ratio of the spring mass to the lumped mass,the nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the spring,and the wa.e amplitude.

关键词： nonlinear mass-spring chain discrete model continuum model LindstedtPoinca.e method(LPM) method of multiple sca.es(MMS) dispersion pha.e velocity

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Annual variation of adult survival of a south-tempera.e House Wren population in Argentina

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 229-237页

作者： Gustavo J.Fernandez Mariana.e.Carro Paulo e.Llambías Grupo de Investigacion en ecofisiología de Fauna Silvestre INIBIOMA-CONICETAsentamiento Universitario San Martín de los Andes(AUSMA)Universidad Nacional Del ComahuePasaje de la Paz 235(8370)San Martín de los AndesNeuquenArgentina Grupo de Investigacion de Biología de a.es IADIZA CCT-MendozaUniversidad Nacional de CuyoAvenida RuizLeal s/n Parque General San Martin5500MendozaArgentina

Identifying factors affecting the survival of individuals is essential for understanding the evolution of life-history traits and population *** numerous studies on this subject in north-tempera.e environments,there is a lack of equiva.ent studies at similar latitudes in the ***,we used a 14-year data.et of capture,banding,and resighting to estima.e the annual variation in the appa.ent adult survival probability of a south-tempera.e population of House Wrens(Troglodytes aedon bonariae).We evalua.ed temporal variation in sur-vival and the effect of environmental(climatic)and demographic variables(adult abundance,total number of fledglings produced during each breeding season)on survival *** found that the probability of adult survival decrea.ed as the abundance of breeding adults *** density-dependent effect could be rela.ed to the resident lifestyle of southern House Wrens,which could determine an intense competition for territories and resources that ultima.ely would affect their survival.

关键词： Annual variation CJS Density-dependence Survival Troglodytes aedon bonariae

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Beyond p-y method:A review of artificial intelligence approaches for predicting la.eral capacity of drilled shafts in cla.ey soils

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3812-3840页

作者： M.e.Al-Atroush a.e.Aboelela.ezz el-Din Hemdan Civil and environmental engineering Program Engineering Management DepartmentCollege of EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Structural engineering Faculty of EngineeringAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Structure and Ma.erials Research Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Computer Science and engineering Department Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenoufiaEgypt

In 2023,pivotal advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)ha.e significantly *** that in mind,traditional methodologies,notably the p-y approach,ha.e struggled to accura.ely model the complex,nonlinear soil-structure interactions of la.erally loa.ed large-dia.eter drilled *** study underta.es a rigorous evaluation of machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,offering a comprehensive review of their application in addressing this geotechnical challenge.A thorough review and comparative analysis ha.e been carried out to investiga.e various AI models such as artificial neural networks(ANNs),relevance vector machines(RVMs),and least squa.es support vector machines(LSSVMs).It was found that despite ML approaches outperforming classic methods in predicting the la.eral behavior of piles,their‘black box'nature and reliance only on a data-driven approach ma.e their results showca.e statistical robustness rather than clear geotechnical insights,a fact underscored by the mathematical equations derived from these ***,the research identified a gap in the availability of drilled shaft data.ets,limiting the extendibility of current findings to large-dia.eter *** extensive data.et,compiled from a series of la.eral loading tests on free-head drilled shaft with varying properties and geometries,was introduced to bridge this *** pa.er concluded with a direction for future research,proposes the integration of physics-informed neural networks(PINNs),combining data-driven models with funda.ental geotechnical principles to improve both the interpretability and predictive accuracy of AI applications in geotechnical engineering,marking a novel contribution to the field.

关键词： La.erally loa.ed drilled shaft load transfer and failure mechanisms Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs) P-y curves Artificial intelligence(AI) Data.et

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Fema.e waist-to-hip ratio,body mass index and sexual attractiveness in China

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Current Zoology 2010年第2期56卷 175-181页

作者： B.J. DIXSON Baoguo LI a.e DIXSON School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington P O Box 600 Wellington New Zealand College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwestern University Xi＇an China

Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of fema.e patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）. Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an ‘hourglass＇ fema.e figure. This gynoid distribution of fema.e body fat has been shown to correla.e with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the sa.e women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resultant changes in body mass index （BMI）. However, these changes in BMI were not rela.ed to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass fema.e figure is ra.ed as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments.

关键词： China Waist-to-hip ratio Body mass index Fema.e attractiveness Sexual selection

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Converting TRex-RGB green-channel data to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Methodology and initial results

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earth and Pla.etary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang D.M.Gillies e.Spanswick e.F.Donovan University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently deployed Transition Region explorer(TRex)-RGB(red-green-blue)all-sky ima.er(ASI)is designed to capture“true color”ima.es of the aurora and *** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of a TRex-RGB ca.era is usually domina.ed by the 557.7 nm *** this rationa.e,the TRex mission does not include a specific 557.7 nm ima.er and is designed to use the RGB green-channel data as a proxy for the 557.7 nm *** this study,we present an initial effort to establish the conversion ratio or formula linking the RGB green-channel data to the absolute intensity of 557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial for quantitative uses of the RGB *** illustra.e two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the colloca.ed measurement of green-line auroras from the TRex spectrograph,and(2)through a comparison with the modeled green-line intensity according to realistic electron precipitation flux measurements from low-earth-orbit sa.ellites,with the aid of an auroral transport *** demonstra.e the procedures and provide initial results for the TRex-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit La.e and Lucky La.e *** RGB response is found to be *** conversion ratios or formulas between RGB green-channel data and the green-line auroral intensity a.e given and can be applied immedia.ely by TRex-RGB data *** methodology established in this study will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILe ASI mission,which will adopt a similar RGB ca.era system in its deployment.

关键词： TRex RGB green-line aurora auroral transport model

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Advances in spinal cord injury:insights from non-human prima.es

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2354-2364页

作者： Gaetan Poulen Florence e.Perrin University of Montpellier INSERMEPHEMontpellierFrance Department of Neurosurgery Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier University Medical CenterMontpellierFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) ParisFrance

Spinal cord injury results in significant sensorimotor deficits,currently,there is no curative treatment for the symptoms induced by spinal cord *** and pre-clinical research on spinal cord injury relies on the development and characterization of appropria.e animal *** models should replica.e the symptoms observed in human,allowing for the exploration of functional deficits and investigation into various aspects of physiopathology of spinal cord ***-human prima.es,due to their close phylogenetic association with humans,sha.e more neuroanatomical,genetic,and physiological similarities with humans than ***,the responses to spinal cord injury in nonhuman prima.es most likely resemble the responses to traumatism in *** this review,we will discuss nonhuman prima.e models of spinal cord injury,focusing on in vivo assessments,including behavioral tests,magnetic resonance imaging,and electrical activity recordings,as well as ex vivo histological ***,we will present thera.eutic stra.egies developed in non-human prima.es and discuss the unique specificities of non-human prima.e models of spinal cord injury.

关键词： behavior cellular analysis non-human prima.es spinal cord injury tissue analysis

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