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一半与另一半葡萄牙圣蒂尔苏消防局及宿舍

室内设计与装修 2014年第4期 48-51页

作者： álvaro siza Vieira coco

作为葡萄牙国宝级的建筑大师，阿尔瓦罗·西扎被认为是当代最重要的建筑师之一。他的作品注重在现代设计与历史环境之间建立深刻的联系，并因其个性化的品质和对现代社会文化变迁的敏锐捕捉，而受到普遍关注和承认。西扎的作品遍及欧洲... 详细信息

作为葡萄牙国宝级的建筑大师，阿尔瓦罗·西扎被认为是当代最重要的建筑师之一。他的作品注重在现代设计与历史环境之间建立深刻的联系，并因其个性化的品质和对现代社会文化变迁的敏锐捕捉，而受到普遍关注和承认。西扎的作品遍及欧洲各地，获得过欧洲建筑奖、普利茨克奖、哈佛城市设计奖等一系列建筑界重要奖项。除去一些重要的大型项目，他也喜欢把目光放在一些具有强烈地区特征的小型项目上，本案介绍的项目就是这样一个极具特色的小型建筑项目。

关键词：葡萄牙消防局宿舍欧洲建筑建筑大师历史环境现代设计文化变迁

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伊贝拉基金会展示馆

中国建筑装饰装修 2011年第9期 146-149页

作者： álvaro siza Vieira Michele Gigante Francesca Montalto Atsushi Ueno Rita Amaral

项目基地北面濒临瓜伊巴河,南面耸起一座5米至24米高的小山。这里需要一栋雕塑感的建筑,siza构想了一个巨大的矩形白色混凝土结构的建筑物,由流通空间和展示空间环绕出一个很大的中庭巧妙结构,三条管状的坡道触角般插入城市空间。

关键词：展示馆基金会混凝土结构展示空间城市空间建筑物雕塑感矩形

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华茂艺术教育博物馆

建筑实践 2021年第3期4卷 144-151页

作者：阿尔瓦罗·西扎卡洛斯·卡斯塔涅拉不详

华茂艺术教育博物馆伫立于东钱湖北岸。俯视之下,建筑呈三角形状,由连绵的墙体勾勒而成,使博物馆整体富有精美的曲线感,而非大开大合似的棱角分明。入至底层,空间变换,遗世独立之感跃然纸上。馆内三侧的植被绿地和硬质铺装将各个部分划... 详细信息

华茂艺术教育博物馆伫立于东钱湖北岸。俯视之下,建筑呈三角形状,由连绵的墙体勾勒而成,使博物馆整体富有精美的曲线感,而非大开大合似的棱角分明。入至底层,空间变换,遗世独立之感跃然纸上。馆内三侧的植被绿地和硬质铺装将各个部分划分地井然有序。

关键词：空间变换东钱湖博物馆三角形状大开大合艺术教育井然有序

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嘉卿会所-台丰高尔夫俱乐部

现代装饰 2022年第4期 14-21页

作者： álvaro siza Carlos Castanheira Elisabete Queirós Catarina Araújo Erika Musci Filipe Mota Joana Soeiro Jo?o Alves Jorge Pinheiro Mariana Mendes Nuno Campos Nuno Rodrigues Pedro Afonso Rita Saturnino Sara Pinto Sofia Concei??o Carlos Castanheira 范嘉苑

在高尔夫球运动中,力量与优雅的完美平衡是衡量其水平的一个基本准则。同样的,在建筑设计与建造的表达过程中,除了回应技术问题与基本需求以外,还需要考虑其他或简单或复杂的因素。衡量一个项目不仅只是看基本要素,即使它仅需要回应基...

在高尔夫球运动中,力量与优雅的完美平衡是衡量其水平的一个基本准则。同样的,在建筑设计与建造的表达过程中,除了回应技术问题与基本需求以外,还需要考虑其他或简单或复杂的因素。衡量一个项目不仅只是看基本要素,即使它仅需要回应基础功能。好的设计应该经过谨慎的思考,由此承载巨大能量,传达优雅气息。“经验分析”能够帮助我们辨别设计的第一步,它可能源自于一种态度、概念,或者一些难以解释的想法。

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Ethnopharmacological Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Livestock Ailments by Resource-Limited Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第6期13卷 96-109页

作者： siza Mthi Jean Rust Sive Tokozwayo Zimasa Busisiwe Dubeni Dö hne Agricultural Development Institute Stutterheim South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Queenstown South Africa Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa

Medicinal plants play a major role in meeting people’s medical and health needs, especially in developing countries. However, due to a lack of access to modern veterinary facilities, poor visibility of animal health personnel, and high prices of orthodox medicines, most farmers rely on traditional healers and the administration of medicinal plants to treat livestock ailments. The present study was conducted to document Ethnopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plants used to manage livestock ailments in three rural communities of the Eastern Cape. This study was carried out in three rural communities between July 2009 and February 2010. Data were collected by administering pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires and participative field observations. For the interviews, a sample of 48 knowledgeable respondents was purposively selected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, determination of information consensus factor, and fidelity level. A total of 12 medicinal plants belonging to 9 families were used by local people to cure different ailments. A high number of medicinal plants were claimed by males compared to females. Roots and barks were the major plant parts used, and the least were leaves (27.3%). Six plants were used to treat diarrhea and fertility, five plants to treat wounds, and two plants to treat scabs. This study has shown that Eastern Cape flora is rich with various plants which could be used to replace orthodox drugs. Further studies are needed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations, biological activities, and toxicities and characterize the plant’s chemical compounds.

关键词： Ethnopharmacology Medicinal Plants Livestock Ailments Farmers Eastern Cape

Sorghum Yield Response to Changing Climatic Conditions in Semi-Arid Central Tanzania: Evaluating Crop Simulation Model Applicability

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第10期5卷 822-833页

作者： Barnabas Msongaleli Filbert Rwehumbiza siza D. Tumbo Nganga Kihupi Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning Sokoine University of Agriculture MorogoroTanzania Department of Geography and Environmental Studies University of Dodoma Dodoma Tanzania Department of Soil Science Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) and Agricultural Production Systems SIMulator (APSIM) were calibrated and evaluated to simulate sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) var. Tegemeo under current and future climate in central Tanzania. Simulations for both current and future periods were run assuming present technology, current varieties and current agronomy packages to investigate rain-fed sorghum yield response. Simulations by both crop models using downscaled weather data from eight General Circulation Models (GCMs) under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5) by mid-century show a mixture of increase and decrease in median sorghum yields. Four GCMs project yields to increase by 5% - 23.0% and one GCM show a decrease by 2% - 9%. Model simulations under the remaining three GCMs give contrasting results of increase and decrease. Adjustment of crop duration to mimic the choice of growing local cultivars versus improved cultivars seems a feasible option under future climate scenarios. Our simulation results show that current open-pollinated sorghum cultivars would be resilient to projected changes in climate by 2050s but things seem better with long duration cultivars. We conclude that crop simulation models show their applicability as tools for assessing possible impacts of climate change on sorghum due to agreement in the direction of crop yield predictions in five out of eight selected GCMs under projected climate scenarios. The findings provide useful guidance and motivation to government authorities and development agencies dealing with food security issues to prioritize adaptations policies geared to ensuring increased and sustained sorghum productivity in Tanzania and elsewhere.

关键词： Yield Prediction Climate Change Adaptation Model Evaluation

Maize Cultivar Specific Parameters for Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) Application in Tanzania

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 821-833页

作者： Sixbert Kajumula Mourice Cornell Lawrence Rweyemamu siza Donald Tumbo Nyambilila Amuri Department of Agricultural Engineering and Land Planning Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Crop Science and Production Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Soil Science Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

In order to develop basis for tactical or strategic decision making towards agricultural productivity improvement in Tanzania, a new approach in which crop models could be used is required. Crop specific parameters for maize cultivars in Tanzania have not been determined before and consequently;crop modeling approaches to address biophysical resource management challenges has not been effective. The objective of this study was to evaluate DSSAT (v4.5) Cropping System Model (CSM) using four adapted maize cultivars namely Stuka, Staha, TMV1 and Pioneer HB3253 for quantifying model parameters. The results indicate that maize cultivars did not differ significantly in terms of the number of days to anthesis, maturity, or grain weight except final aboveground biomass. Also, there was no difference between variables with respect to growing seasons. The cultivar specific parameters obtained were within the acceptable range of those for a hypothetical maize medium season cultivar (990002) included in the DSSAT 45 CSM. Model evaluation results indicate that using the estimated cultivar coefficients, the model simulated well the effects of varying nitrogen management as indicated by the agreement index (d-statistic) closer to unity. Therefore, it is concluded that model calibration and evaluation was satisfactory within the limits of test conditions, and that the model fitted with cultivar specific parameters can be used in simulation studies for research, farm management or decision making.

关键词： CERES-Maize Crop System Model Nitrogen Phenology Morogoro

Adoption and Scaling-Up of Conservation Agriculture in Tanzania: Case of Arusha and Dodoma Regions

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Natural Resources 2014年第4期5卷 161-176页

作者： Frederick Cassian Kahimba Khamaldin Daud Mutabazi siza Donald Tumbo Kenneth Francis Masuki Winfred Baptist Mbungu Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa (ASARECA) Entebbe Uganda Soil-Water Management Research Group Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

A study was conducted to assess the adoption and scaling-up of Conservation Agriculture in Arumeru district, Arusha region, northern Tanzania and Chamwino and Dodoma Urban districts in Dodoma region, Central Tanzania. The study employed structured questionnaire survey and key informant interviews as the main data collection methods. Data analysis was done descriptively to determine factors that influence the adoption. Results showed that farmers in Arusha have highly adopted terraces, minimum tillage and cover cropping whereas their counterparts in Dodoma have highly adopted large planting pits, minimum tillage, and rippers. The intensity of adoption in Arusha is higher for the wealthy compared to the poor while in Dodoma the wealth status was not a factor that influenced adoption of the Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies. The process of technology adoption should include the use of various participatory methods including farmer field schools, experimental plots, farmer exchange visits, and training of trainers among others. Use of farmer groups, incentives, and support instruments such as Savings and Credit Co-operative Society (SACCOS) or warehouse receipts systems are also important to ensure that farmers realize some acceptable profits from their efforts. Involvement of various stakeholders is also very important including local governments and agricultural change agents at national, regional, district, ward and village levels. Hence, the intention to promote CA technologies should not only look at the economic importance, but also its socio-economic importance to the local people in the area. Their desire to adopt and out-scale a technology should be among the most important investment factors that the government and development partners should consider.

关键词： Social Capital Diffusion Water System Innovation Conservation Agriculture

Short-Term Effect of Grazing Exclusion and Uncontrolled Grazing on Species Abundance, Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value in an Invaded Area by Euryops floribundus in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第6期13卷 321-333页

作者： Sive Tokozwayo Eric Cofie Timpong-Jones Keletso Mopipi Masibonge Gxasheka Unathi Gulwa siza Mthi Mthunzi Mndela Mzwethu Dastile Azile Dumani Department of Rural Development & Agrarian Reform D&#246hne Agricultural Development Institute Stutterheim South Africa Livestock and Poultry Research Center School of Agriculture College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana Department of Range and Forage Resources Botswana University of Agriculture & Natural Resources Gaborone Botswana Department of Plant Production Soil Science & Agricultural Engineering University of Limpopo Polokwane South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Queenstown South Africa Department of Livestock & Pasture University of Fort Hare Alice South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Cradock South Africa

Grazing exclusion (GE) is the most effective rangeland restoration technique which facilitates species diversity and forage quality. This study aimed at assessing short-term impact of GE and continuously grazed rangeland on relative frequency, dry matter yield and nutritive value of dominant grasses in an area invaded by Euryops floribundus. A plot of 2.5 ha was measured and the boundaries demarcated using tape measure and steal pins, the plot was further divided into two subplots of 1ha each which were 5 m apart. One subplot was fenced and protected from grazing livestock, while one subplot was grazed continuously and not fenced. Three parallel belt transects of 100 m × 2 m with 3 m apart were laid out in both subplots. Woody plants occurring within the transects were identified and recorded to determine density. In each subplot, a 0.25 m2 quadrant measuring was thrown randomly to take detailed records on plant species, relative frequency of species and herbage biomass. Four dominant species at the two sites were harvested to determine the nutritive value. Results indicate that grazing exclusion (GE) facilitates grass species diversity, subsequently sixteen and thirteen grasses species were recorded in the GE and uncontrolled grazed (UG) sites, respectively. Eragrostis chloromelas (21.7%), and Themeda triandra (13.2%) had high relative frequencies in the GE site. Highest biomass production was recorded in the GE site (1400 kg·ha-1) compared to UG site (1102 kg·ha-1). Crude protein content was relatively lower at UG site (5.4% - 5.8%) as compared to GE site (7.2% - 7.8%). It was concluded that, GE showed a positive impact on a relative frequency (%), dry matter yield and crude protein content. UG creates a conducive environment for Euryops recruitment. Further studies are required to examine the impact of GE in long-term trial setup.

关键词： Dry Matter Yield Crude Protein Nutritive Value Relative Frequency