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^(15)N tracers and microbial analyses reveal in situ N_(2)O sources in contrasting water regimes of a drained peatland forest

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 749-758页

作者： Mohit MASTA Mikk ESPENBERG Laura KUUSEMETS Jaan PÄRN Sandeep THAYAMKOTTU Holar SEPP Kalle KIRSIMÄE Fotis SGOURIDIS Kuno KASAK Kaido SOOSAAR ülo mander Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuVanemuise Street 46Tartu 51003Estonia School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolUniversity RoadBristol BS81SSUK

Managed peatlands are a significant source of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),a powerful greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone *** to the complexity and diversity of microbial N_(2)O processes,different methods such as tracer,isotopomer,and microbiological technologies are required to understand these *** combined application of different methods helps to precisely estimate these processes,which is crucial for the future management of drained peatlands,and to mitigate soil degradation and negative atmospheric *** this study,we investigated N_(2)O sources by combining tracer,isotopomer,and microbial analysis in a drained peatland forest under flooded and drained *** average,the nitrification genes showed higher abundances in the drained treatment,and the denitrification genes showed higher abundances in the flooded *** is consistent with the underlying chemistry,as nitrification requires oxygen while denitrification is *** observed significant differences in labelled N_(2)O fluxes between the drained and flooded *** emissions of N_(2)O from the flooded treatment were nearly negligible,whereas the N_(2)O evolved from the nitrogen-15(^(15)N)-labelled ammonium(^(15)NH4+)in the drained treatment peaked at 147μg ^(15)N m^(-2) h^(-1).This initially suggested nitrification as the driving mechanism behind N_(2)O fluxes in drained peatlands,but based on the genetic data,isotopic analysis,and N_(2)O mass enrichment,we conclude that hybrid N_(2)O formation involving ammonia oxidation was the main source of N_(2)O emissions in the drained *** on the ^(15)N-labelled nitrate(^(15)NO3-)tracer addition and gene copy numbers,the low N_(2)O emissions in the flooded treatment came possibly from complete denitrification producing inert *** atomic level,we observed selective enrichment of mass 45 of N_(2)O molecule under ^(15)NH4+amendment in the drained treatment and enrichment of both masses 45 and 46 under

关键词： denitrification nitrification N_(2)O quantitative polymerase chain reaction

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Effect of Reclamation Time and Land Use on Soil Properties in Changjiang River Estuary,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第4期21卷 403-416页

作者： SUN Yongguang LI Xiuzhen ülo mander HE Yanlong JIA Yue MA Zhigang GUO Wenyong XIN Zaijun State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China National Marine Environment Monitor Center Dalian 116023China Department of Geography Institute of Ecology & Earth SciencesUniversity of Tartu46 Vanemuise St.Tartu51014Estonia

The objective of this study is to analyze soil physical and chemical properties,soil comprehensive functions and impact factors after different years of *** on the survey data taken from 216 soil sampling points in the Fengxian Reclamation Area of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary,China in April 2009 and remotely sensed TM data in 2006,while by virtue of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA),geo-statistical analysis (GA),prin-cipal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA),it was concluded that:1) With the in-crease in reclamation time,soil moisture,soil salinity,soil electric conductivity and soil particle size tended to decline,yet soil organic matter tended to *** available phosphorous tended to increase in the early reclamation period,yet it tended to decline after about 49 years of *** nitrate nitrogen,soil ammonia nitrogen and pH changed slightly in different reclamation *** physical and chemical properties reached a steady state after about 30 years of reclamation.2) According to the results of PCA analysis,the weighted value (0.97 in total) that represents soil nutrient factors (soil nitrate nitrogen,soil organic matter,soil available phosphorous,soil ammonia nitrogen,pH and soil particle size) were higher than the weighted value (0.48 in total) of soil limiting factors (soil salinity,soil elec-tric conductivity and soil moisture).The higher the F value is,the better the soil quality is.3) Different land use types play different roles in the soil function maturity process,with farmlands providing the best contribution.4) Soil physi-cal and chemical properties in the reclamation area were mainly influenced by reclamation time,and then by land use *** correlation (0.1905) of the composite index of soil function (F) with reclamation time was greater than that with land use types (-0.1161).

关键词： soil properties land use types reclamation time soil function Changjiang River Estuary

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Attempt to Built 13-Hydroxy-9,15-cyclo GA Skeletons

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2002年第12期13卷 1152-1153页

作者： JiangPingLIU LewisN.mander ResearchSchoolofchemistry AustralianNationalUniv.CanberraAustralia0200 TheSchoolofpharmacy yunnanuniversitykunming650091

An easy and mild way to construct 13-hydroxy-9,15-cyclo GA skeletons was reported and it could be used as a general protocol in the synthesis of GAs with this structure.

关键词： Gibberellin(GA) cyclopropyl skeleton cyclo GA structure.

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Simplified seismic fatigue evaluation for rigid steel connections

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2003年第2期2卷 245-253页

作者： AymanA.Shama John B.mander Stuart.S.Chen Parsons Corporation 100 BroadwayNew York.NY 10005USA Ph.D.P.E Department of Civil Engineering University of CanterburyNew Zealand Professor Department of Civil Structural & Environmental EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA Associated Professor

A simplified fatigue-life model is proposed for assessing the seismic inelastic rotational capacity of steel *** relations are developed for rigid steel connections under lateral *** this is extended to account for the effects of the welded steel moment frame(WSMF)connections of the so-called pre-Northridge *** seismic fatigue theory is validated against experimental *** experiments were conducted under increasing ductility amplitudes until the onset of ***'rule was used to convert the test results to given an equivalent constant amplitude cyclic fatigue *** agreement is obtained when comparing the experimental observations with the theoretical predictions.

关键词： fatigue cyclic load seismic pile-to-cap moment frames connections steel

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Aseismic smart building isolation systems under multi-level earthquake excitations： Part II, energy-dissipation and damage reduction

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015年第3期9卷 297-306页

作者： Min-Ho CHEY J. Geoffrey CHASE John B. mander Athol J. CARR School of Architecture & Civil Engineering Keimyung University Daegu 42601 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University Texas 77843 USA Department of Civil & Natural Resources Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand

Based on the performance results of the previously suggested smart building isolation systems （lst companion paper）, this following study verifies the control effects of the systems from the view point of energy dissipation and damage level metrics. Several different model cases of the strategically isolated multi-story building structures utilizing passive dampers and semi-active resettable devices are analyzed and the energy-based target indices are compared. Performance comparisons are conducted on statistically calculated story/structural hysteretic energy and story/structural damage demands over realistic suites of earthquake ground motion records, representing seismic excitations of specific return period probability. Again, the semi-active solutions show significant promise for applications ofresettable device, offering advantages over passive systems in the consistent damage reductions. The specific results of this study include the identification of differences in the mechanisms by which smart building isolation systems remove energy, based on the differences in the devices used. Less variability is also seen for the semi-active isolation systems, indicating an increased robustness.

关键词： smart building isolation story and structural energy-dissipation damage assessment

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Selective Deactivation of Gibberellins below the Shoot Apex is Critical to Flowering but Not to Stem Elongation of lolium

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 295-307页

作者： Rod W. King Lewis N. mander Torben Asp Colleen R MacMillan Cheryl A. Blundell Lloyd T. Evans CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Department of Genetics and-Biotechnology University of Aarhus 4200 Slagelse Denmark Present Address: ENSIS PO Box E 4008 Kingston ACT 2604 Australia

Gibberellins （GAs） cause dramatic increases in plant height and a genetic block in the synthesis of GA1 explains the dwarfing of Mendel＇s pea. For flowering, it is GAs which is important in the long-day （LD） responsive grass, loliurn. As we show here, GA1 and GA4 are restricted in their effectiveness for flowering because they are deactivated by C-2 hydroxylation below the shoot apex. In contrast, GAs is effective because of its structural protection at C-2. Excised vegetative shoot tips rapidly degrade [14C]GA1, [14C]GA4, and [14C]GA20 （〉80% in 6 h）, but not [14C]GAs. CoincidentaUy, genes encoding two 2β-oxidases and a putative 16-17-epoxidase were most expressed just below the shoot apex （〈3 mm）. Further down the immature stem （〉4 mm）, expression of these GA deactivation genes is reduced, so allowing GA1 and GA4 to promote sub-apical stem elongation. Subsequently, GA degradation declines in florally induced shoot tips and these GAs can become active for floral development. Structural changes which stabilize GA4 confirm the link between florigenicity and restricted GA 2β-hydroxylation （e.g. 2α-hydroxylation and C-2 di-methylation）. Additionally, a 2-oxidase inhibitor （Trinexapac Ethyl） enhanced the activity of applied GA4, as did limiting C-16,17 epoxidation in 16,17-dihydro GAs or after C-13 hydroxylation. Overall, deactivation of GA1 and GA4 just below the shoot apex effectively restricts their florigenicity in loliurn and, conversely, with GAs, C-2 and C-13 protection against deactivation allows its high florigenicity. Speculatively, such differences in GA access to the shoot apex of grasses may be important for separating floral induction from inflorescence emergence and thus could influence their survival under conditions of herbivore predation.

关键词： Selective Deactivation Shoot Apex Stem Elongation of lolium

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Idealist ethics

Idealist ethics

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作者： (author.)mander W. J.

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Innovative seismic retrofitting strategy of added stories isolation system

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 13-23页

作者： Min-Ho CHEY J.Geoffrey CHASE John B.mander Athol J.CARR School of Architecture&Art Yanbian University of Science&TechnologyYanji 133000China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M UniversityTexas 77843USA Department of Civil&Natural Resources Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand

The seismic performance of“added stories isolation”(ASI)systems are investigated for 12-story moment resisting *** newly added and isolated upper stories on the top of the existing structure are rolled to act as a large tuned mass damper(TMD)to overcome the limitation of the size of tuned mass,resulting to“12+2”and“12+4”stories building *** isolation layer,as a core design strategy,is optimally designed based on optimal TMD design principle,entailing the insertion of passive flexible laminated rubber bearings to segregate two or four upper stories from a conventionally constructed lower superstructure *** performance metrics are presented for 30 earthquake records from the 3 suites of the SAC *** history analyses are used to compute various response performances and reduction factors across a wide range of seismic hazard *** show that ASI systems can effectively manage seismic response for multi-degree-of freedom(MDOF)systems across a broader range of ground motions without requiring burdensome extra *** results include the identification of differences in the number of added story by which the suggested isolation systems remove energy.

关键词： added stories seismic isolation tuned mass damper parametric optimization statistical method

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"Enabling Strategies for the Assembly of Complex Polycyclic Natural Products"

"Enabling Strategies for the Assembly of Complex Polycyclic ...

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中国化学会第四届有机化学学术会议

作者： Lewis N．mander Research School of Chemistry Australian National University

＜正＞The research interests of the Organic Synthesis Group in the Research School Chemistry are concerned generally with methods and strategies for the stereo-controll synthesis of complex polycyclic natural products with a special focus on the gibberel family of plant bio-regulators. The targets of interest have all possessed four or more rin involving bridged and caged structures, often with several quaternary centres. Because

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Integrated Catchment Value Systems

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2009年第3期1卷 174-187页

作者： Mark EVERARD John D COLVIN Myles mander Chris DICKENS Sam CHIMBUYA 不详

Historic models of conservation are being superseded by the integration of ecological, economic and social dimensions into a simultaneously sustainable and supportive whole. This transition is evident as South Africa evolves from an apartheid history to novel governance including the equitable, sustainable and efficient use of water within an arid and increasingly climate-challenged landscape. The concept of ‘value chains’, established in industrial and government thinking, has been applied to wa-ter issues. We explore and extend ‘value chain’ thinking to cover various important dimensions of water management, taking account of both developed-world assumptions and developing world realities. This analysis exposes the limitations of linear ‘value chains’, and the need to join them up into cyclic sys-tems if they are to protect or improve the capacity of water systems to support the sustainable livelihoods and wellbeing of people dependent upon diverse ecosystem services within catchments. Informed by practical work by the authors in catchments within South Africa, we develop an integrated catchment value system model to support action research dialogues for the delivery of sustainable water ser-vices.

关键词： Catchment System Ecosystem Services Integrated South Africa

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