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The onset in spring and the end in autumn of the thermal and vegetative growing season affect calving time and reproductive success in reindeer

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 123-134页

作者： Amelie Paoli Robert B.Weladji Фystein Holand Jouko Kumpula Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences Norwegian University of Life SciencesAsPO Box 5003Norway Natural Resources Institute of Finland(Luke) Reindeer Research Station99910Finland

A developing trophic mismatch between the peak of energy demands by reproducing animals and the peak of forage availability has caused many species'reproductive success to *** match-mismatch hypothesis(MMH)is an appealing concept that can be used to assess such fitness ***,concerns have been raised on applying the MMH on capital breeders such as reindeer because the reliance on maternal capita rather than dietary income may mitigate negative effects of changing *** a long-term dataset of reindeer calving dates recorded since 1970 in a semidomesticated reindeer population in Finnish Lapland and proxies of plant phenology;we tested the main hypothesis that the time lag between calving date and the plant phenology in autumn when females store nutrient reserves to finance reproduction would lead to consequences on reproductive success,as the time lag with spring conditions *** predicted,the reproductive success of females of the Kutuharju reindeer population was affected by both the onset of spring green-up and vegetative senescence in autumn as calves were born heavier and with a higher first-summer survival when the onset of the vegetation growth was earlier and the end of the thermal growing season the previous year was earlier as *** results demonstrated that longer plant growing seasons might be detrimental to reindeer's reproductive success if a later end is accompanied by a reduced abundance of mushrooms.

关键词： lagged effect match-mismatch hypothesis plant phenology Rangiter tarandus time lag ungulates

A Novel Evolutionary Genetic Optimization-Based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Geographical Information Systems Predict and Map Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Across an Afromontane Landscape

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Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 877-889页

作者： kennedy o.were dieu tien bui Φystein bjarne dick bal ram singh Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 5003 NO.1432 AsNorway Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation Kenya Soil SurveyP.O.Box 14733—00806 NairobiKenya Department of Business Administration and Computer Science Faculty of Arts and SciencesUniversity College of Southeast NorwayNO一3800 BΦi TelemarkNoway Department of Environmental Sciences Norwegian University of Life SciencesP.O.Box 5003NO一1432 AsNorway

Soil organic carbon （SOC） pool has the potential to mitigate or enhance climate change by either acting as a sink, or a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide （CO2） and also plays a fundamental role in the health and proper functioning of soils to sustain life on Earth. As such, the objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of a novel evolutionary genetic optimization-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system （ANFIS-EG） in predicting and mapping the spatial patterns of SOC stocks in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve, Kenya. Field measurements and auxiliary data reflecting the soil-forming factors were used to design an ANFIS-EG model, which was then implemented to predict and map the areal differentiation of SOC stocks in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve. This was achieved with a reasonable level of uncertainty （i.e., root mean square error of 15.07 Mg C ha-l）, hence demonstrating the applicability of the ANFIS-EG in SOC mapping studies. There is potential for improving the model performance, as indicated by the current ratio of performance to deviation （1.6）. The mapping also revealed marginally higher SOC stocks in the forested ecosystems （i.e., an average of 109.78 M C ha-1） than in the aro-ecosvstems （i.e., an average of 95.9 Mg C ha-l）.

关键词： artificial neural networks carbon sequestration climate change mitigation digital elevation model digital soil mapping,Eastern Mau Forest Reserve fuzzy logic

Spatially distributed modelling and mapping of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve,Kenya

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016年第1期26卷 102-124页

作者： Kennedy WERE Bal Ram SINGH ?ystein Bjarne DICK Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology Norwegian University of Life Sciences Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation Kenya Soil Survey Department of Environmental Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Detailed knowledge about the estimates and spatial patterns of soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) stocks is fundamental for sustainable land management and climate change *** study aimed at:(1) mapping the spatial patterns,and(2) quantifying SOC and TN stocks to 30 cm depth in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve using field,remote sensing,geographical information systems(GIS),and statistical modelling *** is a critical ecosystem offering essential services,but its sustainability is threatened by deforestation and *** revealed that elevation,silt content,TN concentration,and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager band 11 explained 72% of the variability in SOC stocks,while the same factors(except silt content) explained 71% of the variability in TN *** results further showed that soil properties,particularly TN and SOC concentrations,were more important than that other environmental factors in controlling the observed patterns of SOC and TN stocks,*** stored the highest amounts of SOC and TN(3.78 Tg C and 0.38 Tg N) followed by croplands(2.46 Tg C and 0.25 Tg N) and grasslands(0.57 Tg C and 0.06 Tg N).Overall,the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve stored approximately 6.81 Tg C and 0.69 Tg *** highest estimates of SOC and TN stocks(hotspots) occurred on the western and northwestern parts where forests dominated,while the lowest estimates(coldspots) occurred on the eastern side where croplands had been ***,the hotspots need policies that promote conservation,while the coldspots need those that support accumulation of SOC and TN stocks.

关键词： soil organic carbon total nitrogen carbon sequestration climate change digital soil mapping East-ern Mau

Iatrogenic esophago-tracheal fistula:Challenges in diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第4期19卷 594-596页

作者： istein Hovde yvind Haugen Lie Per Arthur Johansson ystein Stubhaug Egil Johnson Bjrn Hofstad Truls Hauge Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine Innlandet Hospital Trust2819 GjvikNorway Department of Pediatric and Gastroenterological Surgery Oslo University Hospital Ullev l0450 OsloNorway Egil JohnsonFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo0318 OsloNorway Department of Gastroenterology Oslo University Hospital Ullev l0450 OsloNorway

Esophageo-tracheal fistula is a rare condition,and in most cases such fistulas are caused by malignant disease or emergency endotracheal intubation.A case where a wrapped tablet produced a fistula between the esophagus and trachea is *** patient is a male born in 1938 who swallowed a tablet without unwrapping *** patient was treated with selfexpanding metal stents(SEMS),but closure of the fistula was not *** examinations and treatment options are *** treatment for this condition has demonstrated considerable mortality and *** some cases closure of the fistula can be achieved by use of *** we advise treatment of such cases with SEMS,in some cases treatment with stents will prove troublesome and the risk/benefit analysis will have to be reevaluated.

关键词： Esophageo-tracheal fistula Stenting Iatrogenic Percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy Surgery

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纽柯公司希克曼的CSP隧道窑

马钢科研 1996年第1期 50-53页

作者： skag.,RC 宋瑜

Effects of insulin and pathway inhibitors on the PI3K-Akt- mTOR phosphorylation profile in acute myeloid leukemia cells

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 504-515页

作者： Ina Nepstad Kimberley Joanne Hatfield Ida Sofie Grønningsæter Elise Aasebø Maria Hernandez-Valladares Karen Marie Hagen Kristin Paulsen Rye Frode SBerven Frode Selheim Håkon Reikvam Øystein Bruserud Section for Hematology Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of BergenJonas Lies vei 915009 BergenNorway Section for Hematology Department of MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway is constitutively activated in human acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells and is regarded as a possible therapeutic *** is an agonist of this pathway and a growth factor for AML *** characterized the effect of insulin on the phosphorylation of 10 mediators in the main track of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in AML cells from 76 consecutive *** overall results showed that insulin significantly increased the phosphorylation of all investigated ***,insulin effects on the pathway activation profile varied among patients,and increased phosphorylation in all mediators was observed only in a minority of patients;in other patients,insulin had divergent *** gene expression profiling and proteomic/phosphoproteomic comparisons suggested that AML cells from these two patient subsets differed with regard to AML cell differentiation,transcriptional regulation,RNA metabolism,and cellular *** insulin-induced phosphorylation was associated with weakened antiproliferative effects of metabolic ***3K,Akt,and mTOR inhibitors also caused divergent effects on the overall pathway phosphorylation profile in the presence of insulin,although PI3K and Akt inhibition caused a general reduction in Akt pT308 and 4EBP1 pT36/pT45 *** Akt inhibition,the phosphorylation of upstream mediators was generally increased or *** contrast,mTOR inhibition reduced mTOR pS2448 and S6 pS244 phosphorylation but increased Akt pT308 *** conclusion,the effects of both insulin and PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibitors differ between AML patient subsets,and differences in insulin responsiveness are associated with differential susceptibility to metabolic targeting.

关键词： metabolism myeloid mTOR

Amphiphilic dendronized homopolymers

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2509-2519页

作者： LI Wen 1 & ZHANG AFang 1,2 1 Institute of Polymers,Department of Materials,eth Zurich,Wolfgang-Pauli-Str.10,8093 Zurich,Switzerland 2 Department of Polymer Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 201800,China 1. Institute of Polymers Department of Materials ETH Zurich Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10 8093 Zurich Switzerland2. Department of Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 201800 China

A series of second generation of amphiphilic dendronized homopolymers are efficiently synthesized,and their thermoresponsiveness in aqueous solutions and secondary structures in methanol solutions are *** polymers are constructed in each repeat unit with various generations of hydrophobic 4-aminoproline and hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol (OEG)-based dendrons,and their over-all hydrophilicity is tuned by varying these dendron *** with or without the first generation of proline dendron show good water solubility at room temperature,but exhibit typical thermoresponsive behaviors at elevated temperatures as characterized by turbidity measurements using UV-vis spectroscopy,while the polymer with the secondary generation of proline dendron is not soluble in *** polymers show ordered secondary structures as evidenced by the optical rotation and circular dichroism ***,assembly of these amphiphilic homopolymers into porous films via breath figure (BF) technique is described,and polymer structures are found to show significant influence on the morphology of porous film.

关键词： amphiphilic polymer dendronized polymer dendritic macromolecule supramolecular structure

Flexible mating tactics and associated reproductive effort during the rutting season in male reindeer （Rangifer tarandus, L. 1758）

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 802-810页

作者： Eliana PINTUS Stefania UCCHEDDU Knut H. RФED Javier Perez GONZALEZ Juan CARRANZA Mauri NIEMINEN Фystein HOLAND Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Kamycka 129 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol Czech Republic Ungulate Research Unit Game and Fish Research Center University of Cordoba 14071 Cordoba Spain Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences EO. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033 Oslo Norway Guarderia Rural Mancomunidad de Municipios Centro (MIMC) 06810 Calamonte Spain Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute Reindeer Research Station 99910 Kaamanen Finland Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences RO. Box 5003 N-1432 As Norway

Polygynous males can change their mating tactics across their lifetime, but information is scarce on the flexibility of this trait within a given season and the relative costs and benefits of using different tactics. Here, we monitored individually marked male reindeer Rangifer tarandus and classified their mating tactics as harem-defense, sneaking, or mixed. The costs of the male reproductive effort were assessed using both direct （i.e. percentage of body mass lost） and indirect measures （i.e. activity patterns such as feeding, standing, and walking）, while mating group size and reproductive success were recorded as mating ef- fort benefits. Our results show that reindeer males may switch between the harem-defense and sneaking tactics throughout the same breeding season, providing further support to the notion that reproductive tactics are flexible in ungulates. The costs and benefits of male mating effort vary according to the mating tactic, reaching the highest values in harem-holders and the lowest values in sneaking males. Moreover, males who switched between the sneaking tactic and the harem-defence tactic tended to achieve higher mating success than males who consistently used the least costly tactic. Indeed, all harem-holders successfully sired offspring, whereas only two out of three mixed-tactic males sired one calf, and sneaking males did not sire any calves. In conclusion, our results show that reindeer males can modulate their mating efforts during the same breeding season by switching between the most costly harem-defense tactic and the least costly sneaking tactic, suggesting individual solutions to the balance between reproductive effort and mating opportunities [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 802-810, 2015].

关键词： Alternative mating tactics Intraspecific variation Phenotypic flexibility Polygynous ungulate Sexual behaviour

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纽柯钢公司希克曼厂CSP隧道式加热炉

国外钢铁 1996年第2期21卷 60-62页

作者： skag.,RC 饶文涛