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Therapeutic advances in neural regeneration for Huntington’s disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1991-1997页

作者： Francesco d’Egidio Vanessa Castelli Giorgia Lombardozzi Fabrizio Ammannito Annamaria Cimini michele d’Angelo department of Life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly

Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion mutation of a cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet in the exon 1 of the HTT gene which is responsible for the production of the huntingtin (Htt) protein. In physiological conditions, Htt is involved in many cellular processes such as cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism regulation, dNA maintenance, axonal trafficking, and antiapoptotic activity. When the genetic alteration is present, the production of a mutant version of Htt (mHtt) occurs, which is characterized by a plethora of pathogenic activities that, finally, lead to cell death. Among all the cells in which mHtt exerts its dangerous activity, the GABAergic medium Spiny Neurons seem to be the most affected by the mHtt-induced excitotoxicity both in the cortex and in the striatum. However, as the neurodegeneration proceeds ahead the neuronal loss grows also in other brain areas such as the cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra, determining the variety of symptoms that characterize Huntington’s disease. From a clinical point of view, Huntington’s disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms spanning from motor impairment to cognitive disorders and dementia. Huntington’s disease shows a prevalence of around 3.92 cases every 100,000 worldwide and an incidence of 0.48 new cases every 100,000/year. To date, there is no available cure for Huntington’s disease. Several treatments have been developed so far, aiming to reduce the severity of one or more symptoms to slow down the inexorable decline caused by the disease. In this context, the search for reliable strategies to target the different aspects of Huntington’s disease become of the utmost interest. In recent years, a variety of studies demonstrated the detrimental role of neuronal loss in Huntington’s disease condition highlighting how the replacement of lost cells would be a reasonable strategy to o

关键词： cell therapy exosomes extracellular vesicles Huntingtin Huntington’s disease medium spiny neurons neurodegenerative disease neurogenesis neuronal loss stem cells

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Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： meichen Wang Kelly J Rivenbark Timothy d Phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AmPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AmPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AmPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AmPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(Cm)and acid processed montmorillonite(APm)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APm inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AmPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AmPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

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Nonlinear dynamic modeling of planar moving Timoshenko beam considering non-rigid non-elastic axial effects

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 479-496页

作者： m.ABBASI GAVARI m.R.HOmAEINEZHAd Faculty of mechanical Engineering K.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19991-43344Iran

due to the importance of vibration effects on the functional accuracy of mechanical systems,this research aims to develop a precise model of a nonlinearly vibrating single-link mobile flexible *** manipulator consists of an elastic arm,a rotary motor,and a rigid carrier,and undergoes general in-plane rigid body motion along with elastic transverse *** accurately model the elastic behavior,Timoshenko’s beam theory is used to describe the flexible arm,which accounts for rotary inertia and shear deformation *** applying Newton’s second law,the nonlinear governing equations of motion for the manipulator are derived as a coupled system of ordinary differential equations(OdEs)and partial differential equations(PdEs).Then,the assumed mode method(Amm)is used to solve this nonlinear system of governing equations with appropriate shape *** assumed modes can be obtained after solving the characteristic equation of a Timoshenko beam with clamped boundary conditions at one end and an attached mass/inertia at the *** addition,the effect of the transverse vibration of the inextensible arm on its axial behavior is *** the axial rigidity,the effect makes the rigid body dynamics invalid for the axial behavior of the ***,numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed model,and the results are compared with those obtained by the finite element *** comparison confirms the validity of the proposed dynamic model for the *** to the mentioned features,this model can be reliable for investigating the system’s vibrational behavior and implementing vibration control algorithms.

关键词： planar moving Timoshenko beam non-rigid non-elastic axial effect as-sumed mode method(Amm) nonlinear motion analysis

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Chebyshev polynomial-based Ritz method for thermal buckling and free vibration behaviors of metal foam beams

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 891-910页

作者： N.d.NGUYEN T.N.NGUYEN Faculty of Civil Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and EducationHo Chi Minh City 71309Viet Nam Faculty of Engineering and Technology Kien Giang UniversityChau Thanh 92000Viet Nam

This study presents the Chebyshev polynomials-based Ritz method to examine the thermal buckling and free vibration characteristics of metal foam *** analyses include three models for porosity distribution and two scenarios for thermal *** material properties are assessed under two conditions,i.e.,temperature dependence and temperature *** theoretical framework for the beams is based on the higher-order shear deformation theory,which incorporates shear deformations with higher-order *** governing equations are established from the Lagrange equations,and the beam displacement fields are approximated by the Chebyshev *** simulations are performed to evaluate the effects of thermal load,slenderness,boundary condition(BC),and porosity distribution on the buckling and vibration behaviors of metal foam *** findings highlight the significant influence of temperature-dependent(Td)material properties on metal foam beams'buckling and vibration responses.

关键词： Ritz method Chebyshev function buckling vibration metal foam beam higher-order beam theory(HOBT)

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Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： H.m.FEIZABAd m.H.YAS department of mechanical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent *** fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle *** beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFRC)beams on the elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the *** elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of *** Hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are *** generalized differential quadrature method(GdQm)is then applied to the equations to obtain the *** achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam ***,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFRC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber ***,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTRC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beams are lower than those of CNTRC beams.

关键词： bamboo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature method(GdQm)

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A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton acceleration

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 87-94页

作者： J.Penas A.Bembibre d.Cortina-Gil L.martin A.Reija C.Ruiz m.Seimetz A.Alejo J.Benlliure Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Laboratorio Laser de Aceleracion y Aplicaciones RIAIDTUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y matematicas y dpto.de didactica de la matematica y de las Ciencias Experimentales Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen molecular(I3m) CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain

A multi-shot target assembly and automatic alignment procedure for laser–plasma proton acceleration at high repetition rate are *** assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel capable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted on a 3d motorized stage to allow rapid replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser *** automatic alignment procedure consists of a detailed mapping of the impact positions at the target surface prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target,which alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel,enables operation at rates up to 10 *** and continuous laser-driven proton acceleration at 10 Hz is demonstrated,with observed cut-off energy stability about 15%.

关键词： high repetition rate laser-plasma acceleration multi-shot operation proton source target assembly

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Parallelization of frequency domain quantum gates:manipulation and distribution of frequency-entangled photon pairs generated by a 21 GHz silicon microresonator

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 60-69页

作者： Antoine Henry dario A.Fioretto Lorenzo m.Procopio Stéphane monfray Frédéric Boeuf Laurent Vivien Eric Cassan Carlos Alonzo-Ramos Kamel Bencheikh Isabelle Zaquine Nadia Belabas Institut Polytechnique de Paris LTCI Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Weizmann Institute of Science STmicroelectronics SAS

Harnessing the frequency dimension in integrated photonics offers key advantages in terms of scalability, noise resilience, parallelization, and compatibility with telecom multiplexing *** ring resonators have been used to generate frequency-entangled states through spontaneous four-wave mixing. However, state-of-the-art integrated resonators are limited by trade-offs among size,spectral separation, and efficient photon pair generation. We have developed silicon ring resonators with a footprint below 0.05 mm2providing more than 70 frequency channels separated by 21 GHz. We exploit the narrow frequency separation to parallelize and independently control 34 single qubit-gates with a single set of three off-the-shelf electro-optic devices. We fully characterize 17 frequency-bin maximally entangled qubit pairs by performing quantum state tomography. We demonstrate for the first time, we believe, a fully connected five-user quantum network in the frequency domain. These results are a step towards a generation of quantum circuits implemented with scalable silicon photonics technology, for applications in quantum computing and secure communications.

关键词： frequency domain integrated photonics quantum gates quantum networks

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Flexible ultra-thin super-resolution endoscopy

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 171-172页

作者： George S.d.Gordon department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK

In recent years, multimode fiber(mmF) has become an important tool for high-resolution endoscopic imaging in narrow channels(e.g., in the brain via needles or inside blood vessels) due to its high mode density and fine diameter, typically mm [1-6]. However, a major obstacle to widespread deployment in applications is that realistic perturbations, including bending, twisting and changes in temperature, cause unacceptable image degradation.

关键词： fiber resolution typically

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Effect of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles on bioactivity,composition,structure,in vitro and in vivo behavior of PEO coatings on mg-alloy

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2360-2379页

作者： d.V.mashtalyar I.m.Imshinetskiy V.V.Kashepa K.V.Nadaraia m.A.Piatkova A.I.Pleshkova K.A.Fomenko A.Yu.Ustinov S.L.Sinebryukhov S.V.Gnedenkov Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of SciencesVladivostok690022Russia Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok690950Russia Regional Clinical dermatovenerological dispensary Vladivostok690033Russia

The present study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics,behavior in vitro and in vivo,and biocompatibility of coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5),which are obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)on mA8 magnesium *** obtained coatings demonstrate in vivo biocompatibility and in vitro *** to the base PEO coating,the layers containing Ta_(2)O_(5)facilitate the development of apatite in simulated body fluid,suggesting that the inclusion of nanoparticles improves bioactivity of the *** was found that incorporation of Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles increases roughness and porosity of the formed layers by increasing particle concentration in electrolytes for the PEO process contributing to sufficient soft tissue ingrowth in *** on in vivo studies,these coatings also provide favorable tissue response and minimal inflammatory reaction in comparison with the bare magnesium alloy due to protection of living tissues from deleterious corrosion events of magnesium implant such as local alkalization and intense hydrogen *** results obtained in the present study concluded biocompatibility,tissue integration of the PEO coatings containing Ta_(2)O_(5)nanoparticles making them a promising protective layer for biodegradable magnesium implants.

关键词： Plasma electrolytic oxidation Bioactive coatings Tantalum pentoxide Simulated body fluid(SBF) Apatite formation Histology

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A perspective on greenhouse gas emission studies integrating arbuscular mycorrhiza

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 525-529页

作者： Stavros d.VERESOGLOU Junjiang CHEN State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107(China)

Climate change is a global *** is only possible to pace down global change through addressing the triggers of it,greenhouse gas *** commendable progress,we think that there is plenty of room to further make the studies addressing global change realistic,through integrating into them biotic *** make a case for this statement through a bibliometrics analysis on agricultural studies exploring greenhouse gas emissions that consider arbuscular *** show that even though mycorrhizal studies account right now for a small fraction of the agricultural literature,they get cited more *** further demonstrate that mycorrhizal studies are typically more descriptive in their nature,which we support through comparing the keywords they *** subsequently use the opportunity to identify shortcomings and opportunities to further integrate mycorrhiza into agricultural studies assaying greenhouse gas *** finally make a call to better integrate arbuscular mycorrhiza into global change studies.

关键词： bibliometric analysis biochemical models global change biology Glomeromycota sustainable agricultural intensification

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