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Microbial Biomass Carbon and Total Organic Carbon of Soils as Affected by Rubber Cultivation

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Pedosphere 2003年第4期13卷 353-357页

作者： ZHANG Hua and ZHANG Gan-LinInstitute of Soil Science, the Chinese academy of sciences, P. O. Box 821, nanjing 210008 Institute of Soil Science the Chinese Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 821 Nanjing 210008 China

Soil samples were collected from different rubber fields in twenty-five plotsselected randomly in the Experimental Farm of the Chinese academy of Tropical Agriculture scienceslocated in Hainan, China, to analyse the ecological effect of rubber cultivation. The results showedthat in the tropical rubber farm, soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and total organic C (TOC) wererelatively low in the content but highly correlated with each other. After rubber tapping, soil MBCof mature rubber fields decreased significantly, by 55.5 percent. compared with immature rubberfields. Soil TOC also decreased but the difference was not significant. Ratios of MBC to TOCdecreased significantly. The decreasing trend of MBC stopped at about ten years of rubbercultivation. After this period, soil MBC increased relatively while soil TOC still kept indecreasing. Soil MBC changes could be measured to predict the tendency of soil organic matterchanges due to management practices in a tropical rubber farm several years before the changes insoil TOC become detectable.

关键词： microbial biomass carbon organic C rubber tropical soils

Effects of various solar indices on accuracy of Earth’s thermospheric neutral density models

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第7期52卷 1120-1128页

作者： WANG HongBo1,2 & ZHAO ChangYin1 1 Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10004., China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Four kinds of solar indices F10.7, E10.7, S10, Mg10 and four thermospheric neutral density models, i.e., CIRA72, DTM94. NRLMSISE00 and JB2006, are discussed. The CHAMP accelerometer data are used to calculate thermospheric total mass density. Based on the comparison of the model densities with CHAMP observations, the effects of various indices on the model accuracy are detected. It is found that under quiet and moderate solar conditions (F10.7200) the error’s standard deviation using E10.7 increases quickly and causes the models’ accuracy to fall down. With regard to S10, Mg10, their effects under quiet solar conditions are inconspicuous. If under active solar conditions, they can reduce the model error’s standard deviation by 5%-10%, implying that S10, Mg10 make the model error more stable. The JB2006 model, which was constructed by multi-solar-index (F10.7, S10, Mg10), is compared with DTM94.and NRLMSISE00 based on single-solar-index. It is found that JB2006’s accuracy is better than DTM94.s, and is close to NRLMSISE00 under the quiet solar condition. During the solar burst occurring on October 26, 2003, JB2006 has been in best agreement with CHAMP observations. All in all, the new indices may improve thermospheric density models’ accuracy under some special conditions. Concretely, E10.7 may reduce the average error of models and S10, Mg10 may prevent the error’s divergence.

关键词： solar radiation index CHAMP accelerometer data neutrals density model

Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Radiolarians from Zhilong,Gyangse,Tibet

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 275-276页

作者： Bo Xu,Hui Luo nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese academy of sciences,nanjing {4.,China.

Abundant well-preserved Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous radiolarian fossils were extracted from 31 bedded green chert samples collected from Zhilong section,Gyangse,southern ***

关键词： Late Jurassic Early Cretaceous radiolarians Zhilong Gyangse Tibet

Criteria for defining and recognizing the various orders of sequences in outcrop sequence stratigraphy

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Science China Earth sciences 2004年第7期47卷 618-629页

作者： WANG Xunlian Faculty of Earth sciences and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, China 1. Faculty of Earth sciences and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 2. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences 210008 Nanjing China

The regional distribution in different depositional facies belts is here regarded as an important criterion for defining and recognizing the various orders of sequences. The third-order sequence is possibly global in nature, which may be discerned in different depositional facies belts in one continental margin and can be correlated over long distances, sometimes even worldwide. Commonly, correlation of subsequence (fourth-order sequence with time interval of 0.51.5 Ma) is difficult in different facies belts, although some of them may also be worldwide in distribution. A subsequence should be able to discern and correlate within at least one facies belt. The higher-order sequences, including microsequence (fifth-order sequence) and minisequence (sixth-order sequence), are regional or local in distribution. They may reflect the longer and shorter Milankovitch cycles respectively. Sequence and subsequence are usually recognizable in different facies belts, while microsequence and minisequence may be distinguished only in shallow marine deposits, but not in slope and basin facies deposits. A brief discussion is made on the essential conditions for correct identification of sequences, useful methods of study, and problems meriting special attention in outcrop sequence stratigraphy.

关键词： outcrop sequence stratigraphy, facies belt, sequence, subsequence, microsequence, minisequence, meter-scale cyclothem, Milankovitch cycle.

New progress of lake sediments and environmental changes research in China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第19期44卷 1744-1754页

作者： WANG Sumin and ZHANG ZhenkeLaboratory of Lake Sediment and Environment, nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese academy of sciences , nanjing {4., China Department of Geography and Oceanology, nanjing University , nanjing 210093 , China Laboratory of Lake Sediment and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Department of Geography and Oceanology Nanjing University Nanjing China

Environmental change recorded by lake sediments is one of the important branches of the past global changes study. The new progress of lake sediments and environmental changes in China since the late 1980s has been comprehensively discussed. The highlights emphasized are Asian paleomonsoon migration reflected by lake level fluctuation, uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau recorded by lacustrine sediments, saltlake sediments and

关键词： lake sediments environmental change.

Provincialism of the late Middle through middle Late Cambrian paraconodonts and protoconodonts

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第5期46卷 433-438页

作者： DONG XipingDepartment of Geology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Laboratory of Paleobiology & Stratigraphy, nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese academy of sciences, nanjing {4., China Department of Geology Peking University Beijing China Laboratory of Paleobiology & Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

Quantitative paleoprovincialism is studied, using a coefficient of similarity (CS) formula. The results indicate that the provincialism of the late Middle through middle Late Cambrian paraconodonts and protoconodonts did exist. The provincialism of Ordovician conodonts can be traced back to late Middle Cambrian. The North China Province and South China Province can be recognized in late Middle Cambrian, whereas the North China Province, South China Province and Balitca Province can be recognized respectively in early Late Cambrian and middle Late Cambrian. The possibility that the larger units of provincialism, i.e. Faunal Regions existed in the areas mentioned above is discussed. It is inferred that the Midcontinent Faunal Region and the Atlantic Faunal Region had existed in early Late Cambrian and middle Late Cambrian. The North China Province was the secondary unit of provincialism in the Midcontinent Faunal Region, while the Baltica Province was that in the Atlantic Faunal Region. The South China

关键词： paraconodonts and protoconodonts provincialism late Middle Cambrian through middle Late Cambrian.

Speciation of the genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 (Trilobita) from the late Early Cambrian and its stratigraphic significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第6期16卷 614-623页

作者： YUAN Jinliang, ZHAO Yuanlong and YANG Xinglian (nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese academy of sciences, nanjing {4., China College of Resource and Environment of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China) [a] nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China [b] College of Resource and Environment of Guizhou University Guiyang China

The genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 is revised, and Halipanktos Balker & Peel, 1997 is suggested here as a senior synonym. The subgenus Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al. , 1974.is considered as a separate genus. Of the 20 previously assigned species of Arthricocephaius (Arthricocephalus) Bergeron, 1899, Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al. , 1974. Arthricocephalus (Euarthricocephalus) Ju, 1983 are lumped into eight species. The speciation trend of Arthricocephalus and Arthricocephalites is demonstrated based on their stratigraphic occurrences. It not only enhances the resolution of the biostatigraphic zonation in the uppermost Lower Cambrian, but also represents a potential candidate to define the Duyunian stage. The base of the stage is suggested at the first appearance datum (FAD) of Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899 within the evolutionary lineage from Ar. jiangkouensis Yin in Yin & Li, 1978 to Ar. chauveaui in a global scale.

关键词： late Early Cambrian Duyunian stage speciation of Arthricocephalus and Arthricocephalites biostratigraphy.

Influence of Neutral Salts and pH on Exchangeable Acidity of Red Soil and Latosol Colloids

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Pedosphere 2002年第1期12卷 81-88页

作者： ZHOU SHIWEI, ZHANG GANGYA and ZHANG XIAONIAN Institute of Soil Science, the Chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008 (China) Institute of Soil Science the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008

In the present work, the exchangeable acidity of a red soilcolloid and a latosol colloid at different pH during reacting withfour neutral salts was measured. The results show that theexchangeable acidity increased with increasing amounts of the neutralsalts added, and the relation between them was almost linear. Whenthe amount of the neutral salt added was lower than a certain value,the slop of the line was high, and the slop turned low when theamount exceeded that value, so there was a turning point in eachline. The addition amounts of the neutral salts for the turningpoints were affected by the cation species of the neutral salts, butpH had less effect on them. After the turning points occurred, theexchangeable acidity of the red soil colloid still graduallyincreased with the addition amounts of the neutral salts, but that ofthe latosol colloid did not increase any more.

关键词： exchangeable acidity latosol neutral salt pH

The effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第4期12卷 535-547页

作者： Qian Yongfu Department of Atmospheric sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 210008, China Dept. of Atmospheric sciences Nanjing Univ. Nanjing 21008 China. China

A modified and improved primitive equation numerical model with p-sigma incorporated vertical coordinates is used to simulate the effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties. The different sea surface temperature (SST) distributions are automatically generated in the time integrations by using two different SST models, one of which is called the deep ocean model (DOM) and the other the shallow ocean model (SOM). The SST generated by the DOM has the distribution pattern of the initial SST which is similar to the pattern in the cold water years over the western Pacific, while the SST generated by the SOM has the pattern similar to that in the warm water years. The differences between the experimental results by using DOM and SOM are analyzed in detail. The analyses indicate that the most basic and important characteristics of the summer monsoon climate can be simulated successfully in both experiments, that means the climatic properties in the monsoonal climate regions are mainly determined by the seasonal heating, the contrast between the land and the sea, the topography, and the physical properties of the underlying surfaces. However, the differences between the two experiments tell us that the climatic properties in the summer monsoon regions in the cold water year and the warm water year do differ from each other in details. In the warm water year, the thermal contrast between the land and the sea becomes weaker. Over the warm water area, the upward motions are induced and the dynamical conditions favorable for the convective activities are formed, the Somali low-level cross equatorial current is somewhat weakened, while the cross equatorial currents, east of 90°E, are strongly strengthened, the precipitation amount in the tropical regions largely increases, and the precipitation over the coastal regions increases, too. However the precipitation over the southeast China and its coastal area d

关键词： Sea surface temperature anomaly monsoon climate modelling computational models of SST