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High-yield production of porous carbon spheres derived from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 127-136页

作者： tao Huang Xihong zu Jianhui Ma Wenbin Jian Xueqing Qiu Wenli Zhang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Advanced Manufacturing Guangdong University of TechnologyJieyang 522000China Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Rongjiang Laboratory) Jieyang 515200China

The widespread implementation of supercapacitors is hindered by the limited energy density and the pricey porous carbon electrode *** cost of porous carbon is a significant factor in the overall cost of supercapacitors,therefore a high carbon yield could effectively mitigate the production cost of porous *** study proposes a method to produce porous carbon spheres through a spray drying technique combined with a carbonization process,utilizing renewable enzymatic hydrolysis lignin as the carbon source and KOH as the activation *** purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the quantity of activation agent and the development of morphology,pore structure,and specific surface area of the obtained porous carbon *** demonstrate that this approach significantly enhances the carbon yield of porous carbon,achieving a yield of 22%in contrast to the conventional carbonization-activation method(9%).The samples acquired through this method were found to contain a substantial amount of mesopores,with an average pore size of 1.59 to 1.85 nm and a mesopore ratio of 25.6%.Additionally,these samples showed high specific surface areas,ranging from 1051 to 1831 m2·g^(−1).Zinc ion hybrid capacitors with lignin-derived porous carbon cathode exhibited a high capacitance of 279 F·g^(−1) at 0.1 A·g^(−1) and an energy density of 99.1 Wh·kg^(−1) when the power density was 80 kW·kg^(−1).This research presents a novel approach for producing porous carbons with high yield through the utilization of a spray drying approach.

关键词： enzymatic hydrolysis lignin porous carbon spheres spray drying zinc ion hybrid capacitors

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Sensitivity of ghost imaging compared to conventional imaging [Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第6期22卷 15-32页

作者： Long-Kun Du Shuai Sun Yao-Kun Xu Hui-zu Lin Ning-Yi Leng Wei-tao Liu Institute for Quantum Science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Hunan Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Technology of Quantum Information Changsha 410073China College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Department of Mathematics College of ScienceNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Ghost imaging has been attracting more and more attention, which provides a way to obtain images of objects with only a single-pixel detector. Considering possible applications, it becomes urgent to clarify the sensitivity of ghost imaging. Due to the unique characteristics of single-pixel detectors, which collect photons without distributing them to multiple pixels,often outperforming array sensors, ghost imaging is believed to be more sensitive than conventional imaging. However,a systematic analysis on the sensitivity of ghost imaging is yet to be completed. In this paper, we present a method for quantitatively assessing the sensitivity of ghost imaging. A detailed comparison is provided between ghost imaging and conventional imaging, taking into account the particle nature of photons and the noise of detection. With the settings of the two imaging methods being the same to the most extent, the minimal required number of detected photons for images of a certain quality is considered. For the thermal source version, ghost imaging demonstrates enhanced sensitivity under practical situations, with noise *** an entangled source, ghost imaging surpasses conventional imaging techniques in terms of sensitivity obviously. In one word, ghost imaging promises higher sensitivity at low photon flux and noisy situations.

关键词： sensitivity ghost imaging conventional imaging

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Mitigation of black carbon emissions could immediately reduce 6.3% of glacier melting in the Qilian Mountains

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 725-736页

作者： Ji-zu CHEN Wen-tao DU Shi-Chang KANG Xiang QIN Wei-Jun SUN Li-Hui LUO Yang LI Jun-Hua YANG You-Yan JIANG Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Eco-environment Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Zhangye Meteorological Bureau Zhangye 734000China Lanzhou Regional Climate Center Lanzhou 730020China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Gansu Provincial Industry Technology Center of Inteligent Equipment and Big Data for Disaster Prevention Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China

Global warming in tandem with surface albedo reduction caused by black carbon(BC)deposition on glaciers accelerated glacier melting;however,their respective contributions remain *** in the Qilian Mountains are crucial for the development of oases in the Hexi Corridor;however,their area has decreased by more than 20%over the past ***,this study developed a dynamic deposition model for light-absorbing particles(LAPs),coupled with a surface energy and mass balance *** comprehensively assessed the effects of BC and warming on the melting of a typical glacier in the Qilian Mountains based on the coupled *** on the glacier surface caused 13.1%of annual glacier-wide melting,of which directly deposited atmospheric BC reduced the surface albedo by 0.02 and accounted for 9.1%of glacier *** air temperature during 2000-2010 has increased by 1.5°C relative to that during the 1950s,accounting for 51.9%of current glacier ***,BC emission have increased by 4.6 times compared to those of the early Industrial Revolution recorded in an ice core,accounting conservatively for 6.3%of current glacier *** BC emissions has a limited influence on current glacier melting;however,in the long-term,mitigation should exert a noteworthy impact on glacier melting through the self-purification of glaciers.

关键词： Glacier Melting Black carbon Simulation Qilian Mountains

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Banxia xiexin decoction prevents the development of gastric cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第10期15卷 1293-1308页

作者： Guo-Xiu zu Ke-Yun Sun Xi-Jian Liu Ji-Qin Tang Hai-Liang Huang tao Han College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355Shandong ProvinceChina School of Rehabilitation Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND In China banxia xiexin decoction(BXD)has been used in treating gastric cancer(GC)for thousands of years and BXD has a good role in reversing GC histopathology,but its chemical composition and action mechanism are still *** To investigate the mechanism of action of BXD against GC based on transcriptomics,network pharmacology,in vivo and in vitro *** The transplanted tumor model was prepared,and the nude mouse were pathologically examined after administration,and hematoxylin-eosin staining was *** active ingredients of BXD were quality controlled and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS),and traditional Chinese medicines systems pharmacology platform,drug bank and the Swiss target prediction platform to predict the relevant targets,the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of GC were screened by RNA-seq sequencing,and the overlapping targets were analyzed to obtain the key targets and *** Counting Kit-8,apoptosis assay,cell migration and Realtime fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used for in vitro *** All dosing groups inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors in laboratory-bred strain nude,with the capecitabine group and the BXD medium-dose group being the best.A total of 29 compounds and 859 potential targets in BXD were identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS and network pharmacology,RNA-seq sequencing found 4767 GC DEGs,which were combined with network pharmacology and analyzed 246 potential therapeutic targets were obtained and pathway results showed that BXD may against GC through the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKt)signaling *** vitro cellular experiments confirmed that BXDcontaining serum and LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells,promote apoptosis,and inhibit the migration of GC cells by decreasing the expression of EGFR,PIK

关键词： Banxia xiexin decoction Gastric cancer Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole elec-trostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry Network pharmacology Whole transcriptomic sequencing Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway

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Correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus remission and intrapancreatic fat deposition

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第21期12卷 4536-4542页

作者： Jiang Liu Yue Luo Yin-Rong Zhu zu-tao Wu Yan Hou Yu-Jie Xu Li Li Cun-Wen Ma Division of Endocrinology Wenshan Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and TechnologyWenshan 663000Yunnan ProvinceChina Department of Radiological Medicine Wenshan Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and TechnologyWenshan 663000Yunnan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Intrapancreatic fat deposition(IPFD)exerts a significant negative impact on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),accelerates disease deterioration,and may lead to impairedβ-cell quality and *** To investigate the correlation between T2DM remission and *** We enrolled 80 abdominally obese patients with T2DM admitted to our institution from January 2019 to October 2023,including 40 patients with weight lossinduced T2DM remission(research group)and 40 patients with short-term intensive insulin therapy-induced T2DM remission(control group).We comparatively analyzed improvements in IPFD[differential computed tomography(CT)values of the spleen and pancreas and average CT value of the pancreas];levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-h postprandial blood glucose(2hPBG),and insulin;and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)*** analysis was performed to explore the association between T2DM remission and *** After treatment,the differential CT values of the spleen and pancreas,FBG,2hPBG,and HOMA-IR in the research group were significantly lower than those before treatment and in the control group,and the average CT value of the pancreas and insulin levels were significantly *** analysis revealed that the greater the T2DM remission,the lower the amount of IPFD.

关键词： Intrapancreatic fat deposition Type 2 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus remission Computed tomography value of pancreas Abdominal obesity

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史氏鲟鱼精肽的制备、体外抗炎活性评价和结构表征

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食品科学 2024年第21期45卷 112-120页

作者：刘文博赵青李海蓝廖涛鉏晓艳湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室湖北武汉430064 武汉工程大学化学与环境工程学院湖北武汉430205 湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院湖北武汉430068

旨在研究史氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)鱼精肽(sturgeon milt peptide,SMP)的抗炎潜力及其分子特性。首先对鲟鱼精蛋白进行提取、酶解、纯化得到SMP,评估了其对一氧化氮(NO)和牛血清白蛋白变性的抑制效果。然后利用现代波谱技术测定其... 详细信息

旨在研究史氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)鱼精肽(sturgeon milt peptide,SMP)的抗炎潜力及其分子特性。首先对鲟鱼精蛋白进行提取、酶解、纯化得到SMP,评估了其对一氧化氮(NO)和牛血清白蛋白变性的抑制效果。然后利用现代波谱技术测定其分子质量、二级结构、晶体结构、质子峰分布和氨基酸序列等,并基于此预测氨基酸序列的抗炎活性。结果显示,在10 mg/mL质量浓度下,SMP对NO和牛血清蛋白变性的抑制率分别为45.33%和60.34%,显著高于鲟鱼精蛋白(P28%)。SMP分子质量集中于206~1040 Da之间,主要呈现不规则的无定形结构,水溶液状态下暴露更多的疏水性基团。SMP中含有较多的短肽,包括MPY、YWH、YPY和VPPL等,这些肽序列具有抗炎特性。综上,SMP具有潜在的抗炎活性,是一种有前途的天然抗炎肽来源,具有进一步开发和应用的潜力。

关键词：鲟鱼精肽抗炎活性结构表征氨基酸序列

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GPT系列大语言模型在自然语言处理任务中的鲁棒性

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计算机研究与发展 2024年第5期61卷 1128-1142页

作者：陈炫婷叶俊杰祖璨许诺桂韬张奇复旦大学计算机科学技术学院上海200433 复旦大学现代语言学研究院上海200433

大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)所展现的处理各种自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)任务的能力引发了广泛关注.然而,它们在处理现实中各种复杂场景时的鲁棒性尚未得到充分探索,这对于评估模型的稳定性和可靠性尤... 详细信息

大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)所展现的处理各种自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)任务的能力引发了广泛关注.然而,它们在处理现实中各种复杂场景时的鲁棒性尚未得到充分探索,这对于评估模型的稳定性和可靠性尤为重要.因此,使用涵盖了9个常见NLP任务的15个数据集(约147000个原始测试样本)和来自TextFlint的61种鲁棒的文本变形方法分析GPT-3和GPT-3.5系列模型在原始数据集上的性能,以及其在不同任务和文本变形级别(字符、词和句子)上的鲁棒性.研究结果表明,GPT模型虽然在情感分析、语义匹配等分类任务和阅读理解任务中表现出良好的性能,但其处理信息抽取任务的能力仍较为欠缺,比如其对关系抽取任务中各种关系类型存在严重混淆,甚至出现“幻觉”现象.在鲁棒性评估实验中,GPT模型在任务层面和变形层面的鲁棒性都较弱,其中,在分类任务和句子级别的变形中鲁棒性缺乏更为显著.此外,探究了模型迭代过程中性能和鲁棒性的变化,以及提示中的演示数量和演示内容对模型性能和鲁棒性的影响.结果表明,随着模型的迭代以及上下文学习的加入,模型的性能稳步提升,但是鲁棒性依然亟待提升.这些发现从任务类型、变形种类、提示内容等方面揭示了GPT模型还无法完全胜任常见的NLP任务,并且模型存在的鲁棒性问题难以通过提升模型性能或改变提示内容等方式解决.通过对gpt-3.5-turbo的更新版本、gpt-4模型,以及开源模型LLaMA2-7B和LLaMA2-13B的性能和鲁棒性表现进行对比,进一步验证了实验结论.鉴于此,未来的大模型研究应当提升模型在信息提取以及语义理解等方面的能力,并且应当在模型训练或微调阶段考虑提升其鲁棒性.

关键词：鲁棒性 GPT模型大语言模型自然语言处理可靠性

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物理钢化玻璃的研究进展

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材料导报 2024年第11期38卷 58-65页

作者：王衍行杨鹏慧李现梓韩韬祖成奎中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司建材行业特种玻璃制备与加工重点实验室北京100024

物理钢化玻璃因具有高强度、高热稳定性、高安全性和低成本等优势而被广泛应用于建筑幕墙、高档家具、汽车风挡和液位计等领域。目前,物理钢化玻璃的研究主要集中在:(1)探究玻璃物理钢化机理,揭示物理钢化增强的结构起源,为实现玻璃更... 详细信息

物理钢化玻璃因具有高强度、高热稳定性、高安全性和低成本等优势而被广泛应用于建筑幕墙、高档家具、汽车风挡和液位计等领域。目前,物理钢化玻璃的研究主要集中在:(1)探究玻璃物理钢化机理,揭示物理钢化增强的结构起源,为实现玻璃更高力学性能和服役安全性提供理论指导;(2)优化物理钢化工艺参数,借助仿真模拟手段,进一步提高玻璃强度和安全性,实现玻璃物理钢化强度和破碎颗粒度的自主设计;(3)针对物理钢化玻璃安全应用的自爆顽症和钢化强度衰减现象,揭示钢化玻璃自爆机制和强度衰减规律,建立钢化玻璃自爆和强度衰减等关键性能评测方法。本文基于以上三个方面综述了物理钢化玻璃的国内外研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势。

关键词：玻璃物理钢化表面压应力颗粒度自爆

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间断平衡框架解释力与优化研究——以新中国成立以来农村扶贫政策变迁为例

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社会科学论坛 2024年第5期 161-174页

作者：俎邵静邓韬山西大学马克思主义学院山西太原030006

间断平衡框架能够全面解释公共政策长期渐进性和短期突变性的发展特性。运用间断平衡框架对新中国成立以来农村扶贫政策变迁历程进行梳理与总结,研究发现:农村扶贫政策变迁遵循线性与非线性相结合的变迁规律,这与间断平衡框架的内涵蕴... 详细信息

间断平衡框架能够全面解释公共政策长期渐进性和短期突变性的发展特性。运用间断平衡框架对新中国成立以来农村扶贫政策变迁历程进行梳理与总结,研究发现:农村扶贫政策变迁遵循线性与非线性相结合的变迁规律,这与间断平衡框架的内涵蕴意基本吻合,运用间断平衡框架阐释新中国成立以来农村扶贫政策变迁历程具备适用性。但植根于美国政治系统的间断平衡框架也存在明显的局限性和不充分性,中美在政治结构、政府决策模式和政策运行机制等方面存在显著差异。在此基础上重组间断平衡框架的结构因素,以期实现间断平衡框架的本土性优化,增强其在中国公共政策语境下的解释效力,为强化公共政策顶层设计提供借鉴。

关键词：间断平衡扶贫政策政策变迁政策图景政策系统

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接受背内侧丘脑投射的前额叶皮层锥体神经元的电生理学和形态学特性

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生理学报 2024年第2期76卷 233-246页

作者：范祖权陶晓冬魏亚茹张雪寒复旦大学脑科学研究院医学神经生物学国家重点实验室教育部脑科学前沿中心上海200032

脑高级功能对生物体的生存至关重要。内侧前额叶皮层(medial prefrontal cortex,mPFC)和背内侧丘脑(mediodorsal thalamus,MD)之间存在的密集交互投射在多种认知功能和执行功能的调控中发挥重要作用。根据神经元的形态学和电生理学特性,... 详细信息

脑高级功能对生物体的生存至关重要。内侧前额叶皮层(medial prefrontal cortex,mPFC)和背内侧丘脑(mediodorsal thalamus,MD)之间存在的密集交互投射在多种认知功能和执行功能的调控中发挥重要作用。根据神经元的形态学和电生理学特性,mPFC的锥体神经元已被分成多种亚类,但是特定神经环路的mPFC神经元的形态学和电生理学特性尚不清楚。本文旨在研究mPFC中接受MD投射的锥体神经元的形态学和电生理学特性。在过去,研究神经元的形态学和电生理学特性主要依赖大量的神经元电生理记录和其形态重构,但是在研究特定神经环路的神经元电生理和形态学特性时,这种方法效率较低。针对这一不足,本研究将传统形态学和电生理学方法与聚类分析等机器学习的方法相结合,建立mPFC锥体神经元形态学和电生理特性的分类模型。采用神经环路跨突触示踪策略标记mPFC中接受MD投射的锥体神经元,应用全细胞膜片钳记录和神经元重构技术获取mPFC中接受MD投射的锥体神经元的形态学特征。结果显示,本研究所建立的分类模型能够通过锥体神经元的形态预测其电生理特征。与mPFC中的非MD神经支配神经元相比,MD神经支配的mPFC锥体神经元表现出更大的基底树突长度,但顶端树突的复杂性更低。MD支配的mPFC锥体神经元的两种亚型(ET-1和ET-2)的形态特征不同,ET-1神经元的顶端树突比ET-2神经元更长、更复杂。本研究结果表明接受MD投射的mPFC锥体神经元的电生理特性与其形态学特征相关,提示接受MD投射的mPFC锥体神经元的两个电生理亚类在PFC局部回路以及PFC与其他皮层或皮层下脑区的环路中的作用不同。

关键词：锥体神经元前额叶皮层背内侧丘脑聚类分析神经元重构

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