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Long-term esophageal and respiratory outcomes in children with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

Gastroenterology Report 2016年第4期4卷 310-314,I0002页

作者： Richard H.Cartabuke Rocio Lopez Prashanthi n.Thota Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biostatistics Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA

Objectives:Few studies have evaluated the long-term complications and outcomes of esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula(EA/TEF)beyond *** aim of our study was to characterize the esophageal and respiratory morbidity of EA/TEF through evaluation of clinical symptoms,diagnostic testing and therapeutic intervention at a tertiary care ***:Patients with congenital EA/TEF evaluated from 2011 to 2014 were *** characteristics,type and mode of repair of EA/TEF,clinical symptoms,radiographic,endoscopic,bronchoscopic and medication use data were ***:A total of 43 patients were *** median age of this predominantly Caucasian population was 8 years(interquartile range:3,20).Twenty(62.5%)had type C(EA with distal TEF)***-one(48.8%)patients had heartburn,19(44.1%)had acid regurgitation,and 31(72.1%)had dysphagia to *** swallow in 26 patients revealed strictures in 17(65.4%),dysmotility in 20(76.9%)and recurrent fistulas in four patients(15.4%).Thirty patients underwent upper endoscopy,of which 21(70.0%)had a stricture,and six(20.0%)had recurrent fistula requiring surgical ***(18.6%)patients underwent *** evaluation showed cough and choking in 31(72.1%)patients and dyspnea and wheezing in 32(53.4%)*** respiratory infections were reported in 19(44.2%).*** findings included tracheomalacia in 86.7% and restrictive lung disease in 54.5%of ***:There is a high burden of residual esophageal and pulmonary pathology in patients with EA/*** follow-up is required to monitor both the clinical symptoms and treatment responses.

关键词： esophageal atresia tracheoesophageal fistula gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) esophageal dysmotility aspiration pneumonia

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3D biofabrication of vascular networks for tissue regeneration:A report on recent advances

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第5期8卷 277-296页

作者： M.D.Sarker Saman naghieh n.K.Sharma Xiongbiao Chen Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan

Rapid progress in tissue engineering research in past decades has opened up vast possibilities to tackle the challenges of generating tissues or organs that mimic native structures. The success of tissue engineered constructs largely depends on the incorporation of a stable vascular network that eventually anastomoses with the host vasculature to support the various biological functions of embedded cells. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved with respect to extrusion, laser, micro-molding, and electrospinning-based techniques that allow the fabrication of any geometry in a layer-by-layer fashion. Moreover, decellularized matrix, self-assembled structures, and cell sheets have been explored to replace the biopolymers needed for scaffold fabrication. While the techniques have evolved to create specific tissues or organs with outstanding geometric precision, formation of interconnected, functional, and perfused vascular networks remains a challenge. This article briefly reviews recent progress in 3D fabrication approaches used to fabricate vascular networks with incorporated cells, angiogenic factors, proteins, and/or peptides. The influence of the fabricated network on blood vessel formation, and the various features, merits, and shortcomings of the various fabrication techniques are discussed and summarized.

关键词： 3D bioprinting Tissue engineering Vascularization Extrusion Laser-based printing Co-axial printing

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Instrumental neutron activation analysis of beachrock samples of South East Coast of Tamilnadu,India

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2007年第4期18卷 204-211页

作者： R.RAVISAnKAR P.ESWARAn n.P.SESHADERSSAn Bramaji RAO Department of Physics Sri Siva Subramania Nadar College of EngineeringKalvakkam Chennai-603110Tamilnadu India Department of Physics SMK Fomra Institute of TechnologyThaiyurChennai-603 103Tamilnadu nuclear Chemistry Section Chemistry GroupsIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)Kalpakkam-603 102TamilnaduIndia

Element profiles of some beach rock samples collected from South East Coast of Tamilnadu, India have been determined using single comparator method of InAA. The geo-chemical behavior of the elements in the region is discussed. The irradiations were done at thermal neutron flux of ~ 1011 cm-2·s-1 at 20kW power using Kalpakkam Mini Reactor (KAMInI), IGCAR, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India. Around 19 elements have been determined from 15 samples by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The accuracy and precision were evaluated by assaying the irradiated Standard Reference Material (SRM 1646a Estuarine sediment) and were found to be in good agreement with certified values.

关键词：中子激活分析 KAMAnI反应器岩石

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Intravitreal stem cell paracrine properties as a potential neuroprotective therapy for retinal photoreceptor neurodegenerative diseases

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neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1631-1638页

作者： Kevin Puertas-neyra Ricardo Usategui-Martín Rosa MCoco Ivan Fernandez-Bueno Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiologia Aplicada Universidad de ValladolidValladolidSpain Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y Leon ValladolidSpain Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Salud OftaredInstituto de Salud CarlosⅢValladolidSpain

Retinal degenerations are the leading causes of irreversible visual loss worldwide. Many pathologies included under this umbrella involve progressive degeneration and ultimate loss of the photoreceptor cells, with age-related macular degeneration and inherited and ischemic retinal diseases the most relevant. These diseases greatly impact patients' daily lives, with accompanying marked social and economic consequences. However, the currently available treatments only delay the onset or slow progression of visual impairment, and there are no cures for these photoreceptor diseases. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are being investigated, such as gene therapy, optogenetics, cell replacement, or cell-based neuroprotection. Specifically, stem cells can secrete neurotrophic, immunomodulatory, and anti-angiogenic factors that potentially protect and preserve retinal cells from neurodegeneration. Further, neuroprotection can be used in different types of retinal degenerative diseases and at different disease stages, unlike other potential therapies. This review summarizes stem cell-based paracrine neuroprotective strategies for photoreceptor degeneration, which are under study in clinical trials, and the latest preclinical studies. Effective retinal neuroprotection could be the next frontier in photoreceptor diseases, and the development of novel neuroprotective strategies will address the unmet therapeutic needs.

关键词： clinical trials growth factors intraocular injection intravitreal injection neuroprotection paracrine properties photoreceptors preclinical models retinal diseases stem cells

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Effects of aspect ratio on unsteady solutions through curved duct flow

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2013年第9期34卷 1107-1122页

作者： R.n.MOnDAL S.ISLAM K.UDDIn A.HOSSAIn Department of Mathematics Jagannath University Mathematics Discipline Khulna University Department of Mathematics University of Dhaka

The effects of the aspect ratio on unsteady solutions through the curved duct flow are studied numerically by a spectral based computational procedure with a temperature gradient between the vertical sidewalls for the Grashof number 100 ≤ Gr ≤ 2 000. The outer wall of the duct is heated while the inner wall is cooled and the top and bottom walls are adiabatic. In this paper, unsteady solutions are calculated by the time history analysis of the nusselt number for the Dean numbers Dn = 100 and Dn = 500 and the aspect ratios 1≤γ≤ 3. Water is taken as a working fluid （Pr =7.0）. It is found that at Dn = 100, there appears a steady-state solution for small or large Gr. For moderate Gr, however, the steady-state solution turns into the periodic solution if γ is increased. For Dn = 500, on the other hand, it is analyzed that the steady-state solution turns into the chaotic solution for small and large Gr for any γ lying in the range. For moderate Gr at Dn = 500, however, the steady-state flow turns into the chaotic flow through the periodic oscillating flow if the aspect ratio is increased.

关键词： curved duct secondary flow aspect ratio time-evolution Dean number

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Tree regeneration in gap-understory mosaics in a subtropical Shorea robusta(Sal) forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2061-2068页

作者： L.n.Sharma K.B.Shrestha I.E.Maren Forest Action nepal GPO-12207 LalitpurNepal Department of Biological Sciences University of BergenThormoensgate 53B5007 BergenNorway

Spatial variation in tree-regeneration density is attributed to the specialization of tree species to light availability for germination and *** availability,in turn,varies across the gap-understorey *** gaps provide an important habitat for the regeneration of tree species that would otherwise be suppressed in the *** subtropical forests,there is still a knowledge-gap relating to how canopy disturbances influence tree-regeneration patterns at local scale,and if they disproportionately favor regeneration of certain *** aim to analyze whether canopy gaps promote tree regeneration,and tree species are specialized to gaps or understory for germination and *** sampled vegetation in 128 plots(0.01 ha),equally distributed in gaps and below canopy,in two subtropical Shorea robusta Gaertn.(Sal)forests in nepal,recording the number of tree seedlings and saplings in each *** compared the regeneration density of seedlings and saplings separately between gaps and the *** mean densities of seedlings and saplings were higher in the gaps at both sites;although there was no difference in the seedling density of the majority of the species between the *** species were confined to either gap or understorey at the seedling *** conclude that gaps are not critical for the germination of tree species in Sal forests but these are an important habitat for enabling seedlings to survive into *** classification of trees into regeneration guilds mainly based on germination does not apply to the majority of tree species in subtropical Sal *** results reaffirm that gap creation promotes tree regeneration by favouring seedling survival and growth and can influence forest management for conservation,as well as for plantations.

关键词： Canopy-gap Density Regeneration Saplings Seedlings Shade tolerance

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Bio-inspired Hybrid Feature Selection Model for Intrusion Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 133-150页

作者： Adel Hamdan Mohammad Tariq Alwada’n Omar Almomani Sami Smadi nidhal ElOmari Computer Science Department The World Islamic Sciences and Education UniversityAmmanJordan network and Cybersecurity Department Teesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUnited Kingdom Information and network Security The World Islamic Sciences and Education UniversityAmmanJordan Software Engineering The World Islamic Sciences and Education UniversityAmmanJordan

Intrusion detection is a serious and complex *** due to a large number of attacks around the world,the concept of intrusion detection has become very *** research proposes a multilayer bioinspired feature selection model for intrusion detection using an optimized genetic ***,the proposed multilayer model consists of two layers(layers 1 and 2).At layer 1,three algorithms are used for the feature *** algorithms used are Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO),and Firefly Optimization Algorithm(FFA).At the end of layer 1,a priority value will be assigned for each feature *** layer 2 of the proposed model,the Optimized Genetic Algorithm(GA)is used to select one feature set based on the priority *** are done on standard GA to perform optimization and to fit the proposed *** Optimized GA is used in the training phase to assign a priority value for each feature ***,the priority values are categorized into three categories:high,medium,and ***,the Optimized GA is used in the testing phase to select a feature set based on its *** feature set with a high priority will be given a high priority to be *** the end of phase 2,an update for feature set priority may occur based on the selected features priority and the calculated *** proposed model can learn and modify feature sets priority,which will be reflected in selecting *** evaluation purposes,two well-known datasets are used in these *** first dataset is UnSW-nB15,the other dataset is the *** evaluation criteria are used,such as precision,recall,and *** experiments in this research suggest that the proposed model has a powerful and promising mechanism for the intrusion detection system.

关键词： Intrusion detection Machine learning Optimized Genetic Algorithm(GA) Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms(PSO) Grey Wolf Optimization algorithms(GWO) FireFly Optimization Algorithms(FFA) Genetic Algorithm(GA)

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EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATIOnS AnD MMT nAnOCLAY ADDITIOn On TRAnSPORT PHEnOMEnA OF nATURALLY WOVEn COCOnUT SHEATH/POLYESTER nAnOCOMPOSITES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第8期31卷 1074-1086页

作者： n. Rajini J.T. Winowlin Jappes S. Rajakarunakaran C. Bennet Centre for Composite Materials Department of Mechanical Engineering Kalasalingam University Center for Advanced Materials Department of Mechanical Engineering Cape Institute of Technology Levengipuram

Studies on the behavior of molecular transport properties such as thermal conductivity, gas permeability, volume and surface resistivity have been carried out for the naturally woven coconut sheath （CS） fiber reinforced composites with the addition of nanoclay and chemical treatment of fiber. The compression molding technique was used to fabricate the coconut sheath/clay reinforced hybrid composites. The morphological studies such as X-ray diffractogram （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） have been carried out for polyester nanocomposites and coconut sheath fiber. The decreased gas permeability, thermal conductivity and volume and surface resistivity have been observed with increasing the weight percentage of nanoclay in polyester matrix. In chemical modifications, the alkali and silane treated coconut sheath reinforced composites have shown great influence on the transport properties due to the increasing hydrophilic nature by the topographical changes at the fiber surface. Dielectric strength has also been reported in this paper for all types of composites. Infra-red （IR） spectra have also been taken to study the physical and chemical structural changes of treated coconut sheath.

关键词： nanoclay Coconut sheath Gas permeability TEM SEM FTIR.

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Simplified approach for design of raft foundations against fault *** I:free-field

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2008年第2期7卷 147-163页

作者： I. Anastasopoulos n. Gerolymos G. Gazetas M. F. Bransb School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of AthensGreece Civil LecturerEngineeringUniversity of DundeeScotlandUK School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of AthensGreece Civil Engineering University of DundeeScotlandUK

Over the past few decades, earthquake engineering research mainly focused on the effects of strong seismic shaking. After the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey and Taiwan, and thanks to numerous cases where fault rupture caused substantial damage to structures, the importance of faulting-induced deformation has re-emerged. This paper, along with its companion （Part Ⅱ）, exploits parametric results of finite element analyses and centrifuge model testing in developing a four-step semi-analytical approach for analysis of dip-slip （normal and thrust） fault rupture propagation through sand, its emergence on the ground surface, and its interaction with raft foundations. The present paper （Part Ⅰ） focuses on the effects of faulting in the absence of a structure （i.e., in the free-field）. The semi-analytical approach comprises two-steps： the first deals with the rupture path and the estimation of the location of fault outcropping, and the second with the tectonically- induced displacement profile at the ground surface. In both cases, simple mechanical analogues are used to derive simplified semi-analytical expressions. Centrifuge model test data, in combination with parametric results from nonlinear finite element analyses, are utilized for model calibration. The derived semi-analytical expressions are shown to compare reasonably well with more rigorous experimental and theoretical data, thus providing a useful tool for a first estimation of near-fault seismic hazard.

关键词： fault rupture semi-analytical expression soil-structure interaction earthquake

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Effect of ni Content on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Al/Sn－9Zn－xni/Cu Joints

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第9期28卷 844-852页

作者： M.L.Huang n.Kang Q.Zhou Y.Z.Huang Key Laboratory of Liaoning Advanced Welding and Joining Technology School of Materials Science&EngineeringDMian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

The effects of ni content on the microstructure and the wetting behavior of Sn-9Zn-xni solders on Al and Cu substrates, as well as the mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion behavior of Al/Sn-9Zn-xni/Cu solder joints, were investigated. The microstructure of Sn-gZn-xni revealed that tiny Zn and coarsened ni5Zn21 phases dispersed in theβ-Sn matrix. The wettability of Sn-9Zn-xni solders on Al substrate was much better than that on Cu substrate. With increasing ni content, the wettability on Cu substrate was slightly improved but became worse on Al substrate. In the Al/Sn-9Zn-xni/Cu joints, an Al4.2Cu3.2.n0.7 intermetallic compound （IMC） layer formed at the Sn-gZn-xni/Cu interfaces, while an Al-Zn-Sn solid solution layer formed at the Sn-9Zn-xni/Al interface. The mixed compounds of ni3Sna and Al3ni dispersed in the solder matrix and coarsened with increasing ni content, thus leading to a reduction in shear strength of the Al/Sn-9Zn- xni/Cu joints. Al particles were segregated at both interfaces in the solder joints. The corrosion potentials of Sn-9Zn-xni solders continuously increased with increasing ni content. The Al/Sn-9Zn-0.2.ni/Cu joint was found to have the best electrochemical corrosion resistance in 5% naCl solution.

关键词： Al-Cu disslmilar-metal solder joint Sn-9Zn-xni Microstructure Mechanicalproperties Electrochemical corrosion Corrosion potential

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