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Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 330-337页

作者： DUAN ShuMin Institute of neuroscience,State Key laboratory of neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai China,2.0031 Institute of neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS) consist of a heterogeneous population of cell types,each characterized by distinct morphological features,physiological properties,and specific *** contrast to the previous view that glial cells were passive elements in the brain,accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells are active participants in various brain functions and brain *** review summarizes recent progress of glial cell studies from several groups in China,ranging from studies about the mechanisms of neuron-glia crosstalking to investigations on the roles of glial cells in various CNS disorders.

关键词： neuron-glia interaction ATP plasticity pain ischemia neural injury and repair

Synapse formation and remodeling

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 315-321页

作者： LUO ZhenGe Institute of neuroscience and State Key laboratory of neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 2.0031,China Institute of neuroscience and State Key laboratory of neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Synapses are specialized structures that mediate information flow between neurons and target cells,and thus are the basis for neuronal system to execute various functions,including learning and *** are around 1011 neurons in the human brain,with each neuron receiving thousands of synaptic inputs,either excitatory or inhibitory.A synapse is an asymmetric structure that is composed of pre-synaptic axon terminals,synaptic cleft,and postsynaptic *** formation involves a number of cell adhesion molecules,extracellular factors,and intracellular signaling or structural *** the establishment of synaptic connections,synapses undergo structural or functional changes,known as synaptic plasticity which is believed to be regulated by neuronal activity and a variety of secreted *** review summarizes recent progress in the field of synapse development,with particular emphasis on the work carried out in China during the past 10 years(1999-2.09).

关键词： synapse development neuronal activity synaptic plasticity

Pain research in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 356-362页

作者： ZHANG Xu Institute of neuroscience,State Key laboratory of neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 2.0031,China Institute of neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

In addition to investigating the anatomy,neurochemistry and neurophysiology of pain pathways,Chinese researchers have extended their work into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of sensory afferent transmission at the spinal cord level as well as cognitive processing in the *** mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia remains a subject of special interest for Chinese pain researchers,with the aim of combining clinical practice with the understanding of pain transmission and analgesic mechanism.

关键词： dorsal root ganglion spinal cord nociception receptors ion channels gene expression

Effect of Zn2. ions on ryanodine binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum of striated muscles in the presence of pyrithione

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第12期25卷 81-85页

作者： Hong XIE, Ke-ying CHEN, Pei-hong ZHU2.Unit of Cell Signal Transduction, Key laboratory of neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for BiologicalSciences, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Shanghai2.0031, China 中科院上海生命科学院 Unit of Cell Signal Transduction Key Laboratory of Neuroscience CAS 上海 200031

AIM: To explore whether the differential effects of Zn2. on ryanodine binding to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal and cardiac muscles resulted from different permeability of the SR to Zn2.. METHODS: [3H]ryanodine binding assays were performed to examine the effect of Zn2. on ryanodine binding to the SR in the presence of pyrithione sodium (PyNa), a specific Zn2. ionophore. RESULTS: As a control, PyNa up to 50 μmol/L did not induce any effect on ryanodine binding to the SR of cardiac muscle. But PyNa 1-100 μmol/L increased ryanodine binding in skeletal muscle with maximum binding (2.2.2.%±2..9 % of the control) and inhibited ryanodine binding to 50 % of the control at about 500 μmol/L. In the presence of PyNa 10 and 50 μmol/L the dose-dependence of the effect of Zn2. in cardiac muscle was still monophasic and not changed by PyNa, while the biphasic effect of Zn2. in skeletal muscle became monophasic. CONCLUSION: Different permeability of the SR to Zn2. may account for the differential effects of Zn2.on ryanodine binding in skeletal and cardiac muscles. PyNa is not a strictly specific Zn2. ionophore.

关键词： zinc ion pyrithione radioligand binding ryanodine receptor skeletal muscle myocardium

Research progress on Drosophila visual cognition in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 374-384页

作者： GUO AiKe1,2.ZHANG Ke1,PENG YueQin1 & XI Wang1 1 Institute of neuroscience,State Key laboratory of neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 2.0031,China 2.State Key laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China Institute of neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China State Key laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Visual cognition,as one of the fundamental aspects of cognitive neuroscience,is generally associated with high-order brain functions in animals and ***,as a model organism,shares certain features of visual cognition in common with mammals at the genetic,molecular,cellular,and even higher behavioral *** learning and memory to decision making,Drosophila covers a broad spectrum of higher cognitive behaviors beyond what we had *** with powerful tools of genetic manipulation in Drosophila,an increasing number of studies have been conducted in order to elucidate the neural circuit mechanisms underlying these cognitive behaviors from a genes-brain-behavior *** goal of this review is to integrate the most important studies on visual cognition in Drosophila carried out in China's Mainland during the last decade into a body of knowledge encompassing both the basic neural operations and circuitry of higher brain function in ***,we consider a series of the higher cognitive behaviors beyond learning and memory,such as visual pattern recognition,feature and context generalization,different feature memory traces,salience-based decision,attention-like behavior,and cross-modal leaning and *** discuss the possible general gain-gating mechanism implementing by dopamine-mushroom body circuit in fly's visual *** hope that our brief review on this aspect will inspire further study on visual cognition in flies,or even beyond.

关键词： Visual invariance recognition visual memory traces feature and context generalization selective attention cross-modality memory integration salience-based decision making

Ion channels in neuronal survival

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 342-347页

作者： WANG YiZheng & XU TianLe Institute of neuroscience and State Key laboratory of neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 2.0031,China Institute of neuroscience and State Key laboratory of neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

The study of ion channels represents one of the most active fields in neuroscience research in *** the last 10 years,active research in various Chinese neuroscience institutions has sought to understand the mechanisms responsible for sensory processing,neural development and neurogenesis,neural plasticity,as well as *** addition,extensive studies have been directed to measure ion channel activity,structure-function relationships,as well as many other biophysical and biochemical *** review focuses on the progress achieved in the investigation of ion channels in neuronal survival during the past 10 years in China.

关键词： ion channels neuronal survival and ischemia.

Visual neuroscience research in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 363-373页

作者： YAO HaiShan,LU HaiDong & WANG Wei Institute of neuroscience,State Key laboratory of neuroscience,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 2.0031,China Institute of neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Historically,vision research in China was one of a few distinct research programs within the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).With improved funding opportunities and research environment in neuroscience,vision research at several research institutes within the academy has made significant progress not only in the quantity of publications,but also in the quality of the *** on our own expertise,this review is mainly focused on the findings that have advanced the understanding of visual processing in the central visual pathway,visual perceptual learning,visual development and eye diseases.

关键词： visual cortices contextual modulation feedback feature binding motion processing perceptual learning functional brain imaging eye movement visual development and senescence

Neural correlates of “feeling-of-not-knowing”:Evidence from functional MRI

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Science Bulletin 2003年第2期48卷 144-147页

作者： MRI LUO Jing1, Niki Kazuhisa2.& LUO Yuejia1,3 1. laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Acad-emy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. neuroscience Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced In-dustrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan 3. Lab Visual Information Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Correspondence should be addressed to Luo Yuejia (e-mail:luoyj@***) laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China neuroscience Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Japan Lab Visual Information Processing Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The neural correlates of 揻eeling-of-not-knowing?(揊OnK? i.e. the feeling-of-knowing judgmentsthat accurately predicted 搉ot knowing?or 搈isses?in the criterion test) were investigated by the event-related fMRImethod through an RJR (recall-judgment-recognition) pro-cedure that adopted unrelated word pairs as materials. Re-sults revealed that, relative to the inaccurate 揊OnK?pre-dictions, the accurate ones were associated with activities in right ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and insula, the areas that were known to subserve cue specification in which the retrieval cues were converted into descriptors that couldbe used for direct memory search. This result implied that the accurate FOnK?predictions relayed more on cue specification?process than the inaccurate ones and was inconsistent with the cue familiarity heuristic hypothesis offeeling-of-knowing.

关键词： event-related fMRI feeling-of-knowing cue specifica-tion.

Reading comprehension without phonological mediation:Further evidence from a Chinese aphasic individual

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 492-499页

作者： HAN ZaiZhu & Bi YanChao State Key laboratory of Cognitive neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China State Key laboratory of Cognitive neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing China

An important issue in visual word comprehension literature is whether or not semantic access is mediated by phonological processing. In this paper, we present a Chinese individual, YGA, who provides converging evidence to directly address this issue. YGA has sustained damage to the left posterior superior and middle temporal lobe, and shows difficulty in orally name pictures and reading printed words aloud. He makes phonological errors on these tasks and also semantic errors on picture naming, indicating a deficit at accessing the phonological representations for output. However, he is intact at understanding the meaning of visually presented words. Such a profile challenges the hypothesis that semantic access in reading is phonologically mediated and provides further evidence for the universal principle of direct semantic access in reading.

关键词： word reading phonological mediation Chinese case study