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A new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide

Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 421-430页

作者： DING Jixin1,2. YANG Zhifa2. SHANG Yanjun2. ZHOU Shenghua1 & YIN Juntao3.1.{3. Non-ferrous Metals Resource geological {2., Beijing 100012.{3. 2. institute of geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Beijing 10002.,{3. 3. School of Geoscience & Environmental Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083.{3. 1. china Non-ferrous Metals Resource geological {2. Beijing 100012 China 2. institute of geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Beijing 100029 China 3. School of Geoscience & Environmental Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China

geological condition and rainfall are two most principal conditions inducing landslides in the Chongqing region. By analyzing the forming conditions of rainfall-induced landslides, a new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide is brought forward on the basis of grading and overlapping geological condition and rainfall factor in this paper. At first, semi-quantitative assessment and grading for the geological condition of a certain area or slope can be carried out with the multi-factor interactive matrix. Then the severity of rainfall in that area is grading according to the maximum daily rainfall and the total rainfall in a rainfall course. Finally, the “landslide probability judgement factor” can be worked out through grading and overlapping “geological condition influenc- ing factor” and “rainfall influencing factor”, by which the landslide can be graded into 4 grades, they are landslide extremely easily happening, landslide easily happening, landslide difficultly happening and landslide hardly ever happening respectively. More accurate spatio-temporal prediction of rain- fall-induced landslides can come true on the ground of detailed geological survey of some dangerous slopes in an area and more precise weather forecast. Finally, the reliability and feasibility of carrying out the spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslides with the method of “two factors” grading and overlapping are validated by the example of Jipazi landslide.

关键词： rainfall-induced landslide, geological condition, rainfall, two factors, grading and overlapping, interactive matrix, spatio-temporal prediction.

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The effects of K^+ growth conditions on the accumulation of cesium by the bacterium Thermus sp. TibetanG6

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2006年第2期49卷 123-129页

作者： WANG Hailei1,2.3. KONG Fanjing1,2.3.& ZHENG Mianping1,2.3.1. R&D Center for Saline Lake and Epithermal Deposits, Chinese Academy of {3. Sciences, Beijing 10003., china 2. Key Open Laboratory of Saline Lake {2. and Environment, Chinese Academy of {3. Sciences, Beijing 10003., china 3. institute of Mineral {2., Chinese Academy of {3. Sciences, Beijing 10003., china R&D Center for Saline Lake Epithermal Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Key Open Laboratory of Saline Lake resources Environment Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China institute of Mineral resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

The accumulation of cesium by the bacterium Thermus sp. TibetanG6 was examined under different K+ growth conditions. The effects of external pH and Na+ on the accumulation of ce-sium were also studied, and the mechanism involved was discussed. K+ regimes played an important role in the accumulation of cesium by the strain TibetanG6. The quantity of cesium accumulated (2. h) was much higher in K+-deficient regime than that in K+-sufficient regime. The pH and Na+ had different effects on the accumulation of cesium in the two K+ regimes. IR spectra analyses indicated that the biosorption is a process of homeostasis with cesium initially accumulated on the cell wall.

关键词： Thermus sp. TibetanG6, cesium, bioaccumulation, K+-growth condition, pH, sodium, IR spectroscopy.

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Dehydration melting of solid amphibolite at 2.0 GPa: Effects of time and temperature

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1120-1133页

作者： ZHOU Wenge1, XIE Hongsen1, LIU Yonggang1, ZHENG Xiaogang1, ZHAO Zhidan2.& ZHOU Hui3.1. Laboratory of Material in the Earth’s Interior, institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002.{3. 2. Department of {2.,{3. University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083.{3. 3. Department of {2., Peking University, Beijing 100871,{3. 1. Laboratory of Material in the Earth’s Interior Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 550002 Guiyang China 2. Department of geology China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 3. Department of geology Peking University 100871 Beijing China

Two sets of dehydration-melting with a natural solid amphibolite, collected from North Himalayan structure zone, Tibet, have been carried out in multi-anvil apparatus at 2.0 GPa and 800―1000℃, for 12.2.0 h. One is keeping the pressure at 2.0 GPa and the annealing time of 12.h, changing the temperature (800―1000℃). The other is keeping the pressure at 2.0 GPa and temperature at 850℃, varying the annealing time (12.2.0 h). The products are inspected with microscope and electron probe. The results indicate that at 2.0 GPa, annealing time of 12.h, garnets, melts and clinopyroxenes occur in amphibolite gradually with increasing temperature and the chemical compositions of melt vary from tonalite to granodiorite, and then to tonalite. However, at 2.0 GPa and 850℃, with the annealing time increasing, the garnets, melts and cli-nopyroxenes also occur in amphibolite gradually and the chemical compositions of melt vary from tonalite to granodiorite. In both cases, melts interconnect with each other when the contents of melt are over the 5 vol.%. the viscosities of the melt produced in amphibolite at temperature higher than 850℃ are on a level with 104 Pa·s. The interconnected melt with such a viscosity may segregate from the source rock and form the magma over reasonable geological time. Therefore, it is believed that at the lower part of the overthickened crust, the tonlitic and grano-dioritic magma may be generated through the dehydration melting of amphibolite.

关键词： solid amphibolite, high pressure, high temperature, time, partial melting.

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SHALE-FACIES MICROFLORA FROM THE CHANGZHOUGOU FORMATION (CHANGCHENG SYSTEM) IN PANGJIABU REGION, HEBEI, china

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微体古生物学报 1991年第2期 191-193页

作者： Yah Yu-zhong (tianjin institute of {2. and Mineral {3., Chinese Academy, of geological, Sciences, tianjin 300170)

Abundant and diverse microflora were discovered in the black shales of the Changzhougou Formation of the Changcheng System in the Pangjiabu Region of Hebei, located in the western part of the Yanshan Mountains. The microflora assemblage consists of 3.groups, 2. genera, and 75 species, including 2.new genera, 7 new species and 3.affinities. Systematic comparison of the obtained microfossils with the shale-facies

关键词： body SHALE-FACIES MICROFLORA FROM THE CHANGZHOUGOU FORMATION IN PANGJIABU REGION HEBEI china length CHANGCHENG SYSTEM

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Relationships between bacterial-algal proliferating and mass extinction in the Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian transition:Enlightening from carbon isotopes and molecular fossils

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1656-1665页

作者： GONG Yiming1,2. XU Ran1, TANG Zhongdao1, SI Yuanlan3.& LI Baohua4 1. Faculty of Earth Science and State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral resources,{2. University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074,{2. 2. institute of resources & Environments, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003.{2. 3. Department of Computer Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 43.074,{2. 4. Laboratory of Marine geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092.{2. Faculty of Earth Science and State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral resources{2. University of Geosciences Wuhan{2. institute of resources & Environments Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo{2. Department of Computer Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan china Laboratory of Marine geology Tongji University Shanghai china

Studies show positive shifts of inorganic and organic carbon isotope values (δ 13.carb and δ 13.kerogen) from +0.43.(‰ V-PDB) to +3.54 (‰ V-PDB) and from ?2..3. (‰ V-PDB) to ?2..14 (‰ V-PDB), respectively, B* (Ba* = Ba/ (Al2.3.X 15%)) values from 0.015 to 0.144, TOC values from 0.02. to 0.2.%, V/Cr values from 0.3.to 2.0, Sr/Ba values from 3.2. to 49.50 in the Late Devonian Frasnian Upper rhenana zone to the top linguiformis zone of the Yangdi sec-tion deposited in carbonate slope facies of Guilin, Guangxi, South china, which indicates that biomass, productivity, organic carbon burial and salinity increase and that oxygenation near the boundary between sediments and waters decreases from the Late Devonian Frasnian Upper rhenana zone to the top linguiformis zone. Abundance of molecular fossils increases and normal alkanes, isoprenoid hydrocarbon, terpanes and steranes are dominated from the Late Devonian Frasnian to the bottom of Famennian, which shows that the predecessors of molecular fossils of the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) transition are dominated by marine phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic bacteria with no photosynthesis. Therefore, it is considered that the F-F transitional mass extinction with a multistage, selection and global synchronizing was caused by bacte-rial-algal proliferating, continuing deterioration of the shallow marine ecoenvironment of the mid-dle-lower latitudes. A simple cause and effect chain can be expressed as: appearance of seed plants and multi-storied forests → enhanced chemical and biochemical weathering and pe-dogenesis → wide development of soils → increasing riverine nutrient fluxes in epicontinental sea → from superoligotrophic to eutrophic in epicontinental sea → proliferating of marine phyto-plankton and zooplankton → frequent red tide and anoxia → mass extinction of shallow marine organisms in the middle-lower latitudes. It is worth notice that the factor drawdown of atmos-pheric Pco2. climatic cooling and sea level falling c

关键词： mass extinction, bacteria-algae, carbon isotopes, molecular fossils, biodiversity, Late Devonian, Guangxi, South china.

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Determination of tectonic background for sedimentary basin from sandstone geochemistry

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第14期43卷 1191-1196页

作者： SHAO Lei 1, K. Stattegger 2.and LI Wenhou 3.1. Laboratory of Marine geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092. china 2. {2. and Paleontological institute, University of Kiel, 2.118 Kiel, Germany 3. Department of geology, Northwest Unive Laboratory of Marine geology Tongji University Shanghai China geological and Paleontological institute University of Kiel Kiel Germany Department of geology Northwest University Xi’an China

The chemical composition of sedimentary rocks is mainly controlled by source rocks. Through examining chemical composition of terrigenous rocks, the tectonic evolution of a sedimentary basin can be modeled. The Turpan Basin belongs to a continental sedimentary basin and its source rocks are derived from the upper continental crust.

关键词： sedimentary rock geochemistry basin analysis Turpan Basin.

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Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim craton

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 120-127页

作者： ZHAO Jingzhou~(1,2. & LI Qiming~3.1. Department of Petroleum geology, Xi’an Petroleum institute, Xi’an 710065,{2. 2. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Petrochina, Beijing 100083.{2. 3. Tarim Oilfield Company, Kuerle, Xinjiang 841000,{2. Xian Petr Inst Dept Petr Geol Xian 710065 Peoples R China Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Tarim Oilfield Co Xinjiang 841000 Peoples R China

Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe Tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin craton geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation history of hydrocarbon accumulation marine reservoir primary reservoir secondary reservoir.

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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2. LU Yuanzheng1,2.3.& XU Daoyi4 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083.{3. 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petro{2., Beijing 100083.{3. 3.{3. University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083.{3. 4. institute of geology,{3. Earthquake Administration, Beijing 10002.,{3. 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina 100083 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. institute of geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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Southeastern extension of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) and its tectonic evolution significance in western South china Sea

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 839-850页

作者： LIU Baoming1,2.3. XIA Bin1, LI Xuxuan1,3. ZHANG Minqiang1,3. NIU Binhua2. ZHONG Lifeng1, JIN Qinghuan1,4 & JI Shaocheng1,5 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea geology and {3., Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,{2. 2.{2. University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083.{2. 3. Research Center of Science & Technology Department, CNOOC, Beijing 10002.,{2. 4. Guangzhou Marine geological survey, Ministry of Land & {3., Guangzhou 510075,{2. 5. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, H3.3.7, Canada 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea geology and resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 2. china University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China 3. Research Center of Science & Technology Department CNOOC Beijing 100027 China 4. Guangzhou Marine geological survey Ministry of Land & Resources Guangzhou 510075 China 5. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal H3C3A7 Canada

Recent geophysical surveys and basin modeling suggest that the No.1 fault in the Ying- gehai basin (YGHB) is the seaward elongation of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) in the South china Sea (SCS). The RRFZ, which separates the South china and Indo{3. block, extends first along the Yuedong fault, offshore of Vietnam, and then continues southward and breaks off into two branches: the Lupar fault and the Tinjia fault. The southern extension of the Lupar fault dies out beneath the NW Borneo while the Tinjia fault extends southeast and reaches the Brunei-Sabah area. According to the gravity and geomagnetic data, and the tectonic evolution of the basins, there are different evolution histories between the Wan’an basin (WAB) and the basins in the Nansha block. The Tinjia fault may be the boundary between the Balingian block and the Nansha block. Hence, the line linking the Yue- dong fault and the Tinjia fault, which both are continental margin faults and strike-slip ones in the geological evolution histories, constitute the boundary between the Indo{3. and Nansha block. The Lupar fault, in contrast, is an intraplate fault within the Indo{3. block. The results provide new hints for reconstructing the tectonic evolution history of the RRFZ and the opening of the SCS, and also a framework for hydrocarbon prospecting in the region.

关键词： Red River fault zone, tectonic evolution, fault, extension, western South china Sea.

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Isotopic compositions of small shelly fossil Anabarites from Lower Cambrian in Yangtze Platform of South china: Implications for palaeocean temperature

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1185-1191页

作者： Chen Yongquan1,2. Jiang Shaoyong1, Ling Hongfei1, Yang Jinghong1 and Wan Defan3.1. State Key Laboatory for Mineral Deposits Research and Center for Marine Geochemistry Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. china 2. Tarim Oilfield Company Exploration & Development Research institute, Ku’erle 841000, china 3. institute of Mineral resources, Chinese Academy of geological Sciences, Beijing 10003., china) State Key Laboatory for Mineral Deposits Research and Center for Marine Geochemistry Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China arim Oilfield Company Exploration & Development Research institute Ku’erle 841000 China institute of Mineral resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

Anabarites belong to small shelly fossils (SSF), which occur widely in the Lower Cambrian strata of Yangtze Platform in South china. They are phosphate shell in composition and represent the earliest stage of the Cambrian bioradiation of Bilateria, the so-called "Cambrian Explosion". In this study, we attempted to separate Anabarites fossils from Lower Cambrian dolostones, and we obtained samples of both the fossils (SSF) and the granular phosphates (GP). Isotopic analyses were performed on samples of SSF, GP, and matrix dolostone (DH-2.). The results showed that the δ3.Si values of the quartz filling in fossils celoms, and the siliceous materials in granular phosphates are -0.6‰ and -0.7‰, which is different from normal sedimentary siliceous rocks from the Lower Cambrian strata (0—0.7‰) as reported by Li et al., but is consistent with the data for siliceous rocks and cherts of submarine hydrothermal origin. It is likely that a later hydrothermal replacement could have taken place in the SSF-bearing sedimentary rocks. The oxygen isotope values of the phosphate of SSF and GP are 16.8‰ and 17.0‰, respectively. These are significantly higher than the Neoproterozoic phosphate ores (10.9‰—13.9‰) as reported by Ling et al., hence, late diagenesis and hydrothermal replacement may not have caused a significant change in the oxygen isotope compositions of the small shelly fossils, and the calculated temperatures (2..4—2..3.) for palaeo-seawater using a SSF phosphate oxygen isotope thermometer are therefore considered here as the upper limit of seawater temperature in the Early Cambrian ocean of the Yangtze Platform.

关键词： Anabarites oxygen isotope silicon isotope paleo-temperature.

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