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Biological aspects on the cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora delphacis grown on broomcorn millets

Science Bulletin 2003年第17期48卷 1816-1821页

作者： FENG Mingguang1,2.& LIANG Yong1 1. Institute of Microbiology, college of life {2., Zhejiang Univer-sity, Hangzhou 31002., China 2. Institute of Applied Entomology, college of Agricultural {2. and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 31002., China Institute of Microbiology College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

A novel method was developed to use glutinous broomcorn millets (Panicum miliaceum L.) as solid substrate to make cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Pandora delphacis specifically pathogenic to planthoppers, leafhop-pers and aphids. Steamed millets with water content of 45% were inoculated with a liquid culture of P. delphacis at a ratio of 2.% (v/w) and then incubated at 2.℃ and L:D 12.12. The millets cultured for 3—17 d exhibited high potential for co-nidial production. The 5-d-old millet culture sporulated most abundantly, discharging up to 17.12.(1.31) 104 conidia/ millet. The cultures incubated for 7—11 d also had a satis-factory sporulation capability, yielding 13.00—13.90 104 conidia/millet. Compared to 2.32.(0.34) 104 conidia dis-charged from each of Myzus persicae adults killed by P. del-phacis and a ≤60-h duration of sporulation, each of the millets cultured for 5—11 d produced 5.6—7.4 times more conidia with an over doubled duration for conidial discharge (144 h). Among 106 M. persicae adults exposed to the shower of conidia discharged from the cultured millets, a total mor-tality of 69.8% caused by P. delphacis infection was observed within 7 d after exposure, but no death was attributed to the fungal infection in the aphids unexposed. The results indi-cate that the millet cultures of P. delphacis are biologically similar to aphid cadavers killed by the same fungus. Due to the superiority of the cultured millets to the cadavers in sporulation potential and duration, the method for making cultures of P. delphacis on the broomcorn millets is highly recommended for use in study of entomophthoralean fungi for microbial control. This is the first report on the success of the solid culture of Pandora species on cereals.

关键词： entomophthorales Pandora delphacis broomcorn millets solid culture sporulation capability aphid infectivity.

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Milestone of the meridian science──970th anniversary of the Chinese Bronze Statue of Meridian

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第5期43卷 353-362页

作者： ZHANG Renji college of life {2., Peking University, Beijing 100871, China college of life {2. Peking University Beijing 100871 China

For more than a thousand years, Chinese people were aware of the transmitted sensations by the application of needles on the body surface. This practice is called acupuncture. Acupuncture had been recorded and transcribed in writings and in drawings, until finally the acupoints were inscribed onto a bronze statue. The bronze statue was called the Meridian Figure. Deeply embodied in the bronze statue is a tripartite confrontation-prism representation of the humans body. This concept was a great scientific achievement in ancient China. The author traces the history of Meridian science described in traditional Chinese medical terms. Then he explores a clear analogy of the meridian pathway (MP) phenomenon. In a model system, by using a simple segmental in vertebrate, certain parallels can be demonstrated with the meridian concept. For example, the author demonstrated a clear correlation rule among the central mechano-sensory channels, and characteristics of positional discrimination in individual nerve cells from different receptive field inputs. The evidence suggests that the MP phenomenon is an objective neurobiological response. To clarify the research objective in this paper, the author suggests that the MP is a bi-directional pathway along which a positional message signal is transmitted. This phenomenon is evoked by physical stimulation, transmitted linearly across the human body segments, and is perceived by the brain. The MP consists of low resistance paths, is connected by the liquid media contained in the apposite membranous structure. At the cellular level, the regulation functions of MP must pass through along this low resistance path. Two aspects of the modern Meridian research are the functional regulation and the mechanism of intercellular liquid modulation at the nanometer level.

关键词： meridian pathway tripartite confrontation-prism coordinate position discriminative recognition apposite membranous structure.

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Permian carbonates of Baoshan block, Western Yunnan and their paleoclimatic implications

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Science China Earth sciences 2004年第5期47卷 385-392页

作者： YAN Jiaxin1, LIANG Dingyi1 & WU Ming2.1. Faculty of Earth sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2. {2. of Chemistry and life sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China college of Chemistry/life {2. South-Central Univ./Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China

Recently, much attention has been paid to the climatic significance of carbonates originating in shallow water. Permian carbonates of shallow shelf origin are present in the upper part of the Dingjiazhai Formation, the upper part of the Yongde Formation, and the Shazipo Formation on the Baoshan block of Western Yunnan. Their skeleton and non-skeleton grain as-sociations have been investigated in this study. The carbonates of the Dingjiazhai Formation indicate a Bryonoderm (bryozoans-echinoderm) association without non-skeleton grains. The carbonates of Yongde and Shazipo formations show Chloroforam (green algae-foraminifers) association with peloids. Oolites develop in the Shazipo Formation. Based on the comparisons of grain association with coeval carbonates formed in different paleolatitudes (i.e. various paleo-climatic zones), the carbonates of the Dingjiazhai Formation were thought to have been accu-mulated in shelf environments of warm-temperate zone, and those of the Yongde and Shazipo formations in shelf environments of warm-water.

关键词： Early Permian, carbonate, paleoclimate, Western Yunnan.

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Identification and Characterization of GH Receptor and Serum GH-binding Protein in Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis)

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第12期36卷 811-816页

作者： Zhi-Yong LIAO1,2.and Shang-Quan ZHU2. 1college of life {2., Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 33002., China 2.ey Laboratory of Proteomics Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological {2., Chinese Academy of {2., Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of {2., Shanghai 2.0031, China college of life {2. Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330027 China Key Laboratory of Proteomics Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031 China

Chinese sturgeon, a kind of cartilage ganoid, has a history of over one billion years and it is called the living fossil of aquatic biology since it keeps some evolutionary trace. Here, we characterized the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and serum growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) of Chinese sturgeon. It was shown that GHR was expressed in various tissues, mainly in hepatic, kidney and intestine tissues. GHR on the hepatic membrane has high and specific affinity for bream GH (brGH) and Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed a single class of high affinity binding site with an association constant Ka of 3.1×109 M–1. A specific band around 94 kD was detected by SDS-PAGE in cross-linking studies of membrane receptors. After incubation of Chinese sturgeon serum with 12.I-brGH, a 12.I-brGH-GHBP complex was identified by Sephadex G-75, indicating that in the serum exists GHBP specially binding to brGH.

关键词： Chinese sturgeon growth hormone receptor growth hormone binding protein ligand binding

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Strengthening of the boreal winter Hadley circulation and its connection with ENSO

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1327-1333页

作者： Ma Jie1,2.and Li Jianping2.1. college of Atmospheric sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., China) college of Atmospheric sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is carried out for the year-to-year variability of the boreal winter (DJF) mass stream function of the mean meridional circulation (MMC) during the period 1948—2.05. The results demonstrate that it is dominated by the equatorially asymmetric and symmetric modes. Further analysis shows that the former mode is linked with the boreal winter Hadley cell mainly on the decadal time-scale, and the latter on the interannual time-scale. The asymmetric mode index (AMI) with a clear upward trend contributes to the decadal strengthening of the boreal Hadley circulation, and is closely correlated with the tropical SST warming, especially in the region of Indo-west Pacific warm pool (INWP). Furthermore, the AMI also contributes to the abrupt change of the correlation coefficient between the boreal Hadley circulation and ENSO after 1976. The symmetric mode index (SMI) with robust and stable linkage with ENSO shows a significant interannual variability, suggesting that the variability of the Hadley circulation is mainly associated with ENSO on the interannual time-scale.

关键词： the Hadley circulation interannual time-scale decadal time-scale

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the clonal plants in Mu Us sandland of China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1296-1302页

作者： Zhao Jinli and He Xueli(college of life {2., Hebei University, Baoding 071002. China) college of life {2. Hebei University Baoding 071002 China

Clonal plants in Mu Us sandland change the sandy enviroment. The clonal plant is a kind of resource in restoration of the Mu Us sandy landscape. Soil samples at depth of 50 cm in the rhizosphere of the clonal plants were collected in 4 replicates at each location and divided into sections corresponding to 0—10, 10—2., 2.—30, 30—40 and 40—50 cm depths in two representative sites from north to south in Mu Us sandland, northwestern China, in July 2.05. Clonal plants included Psammochloa villosa and Hedysarum laeve. The colonization and ecological distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were investigated in the rhizosphere of clonal plants in Mu Us sandland. The results showed that the clonal plants established well symbiosis with AM fungi; AM fungal species and spatial distribution were significantly related with the host plants and soil factors. Of 16 AM fungal taxa in three genera isolated and identified, Glomus multicaule was only observed in the rhizosphere of Psammochloa villosa; Glomus aggregatum, Glomus hydembadensis, Glomus constrictum and Acaulospora rehmii only appeared in the rhizosphere of Hedysarum leave. The depth of soil layers observably affected the spore density and the frequency of colonization (%F). The maximal %F and spore density occurred in the 10—2. cm layer at the site of Ordos Sandy Land Ecological Station, but which occurred in the 0—10 cm layer in Shanxi Yulin Rare Sandy-plants Conversation Field. AM fungal status and colonization might be used to monitor desertification and soil degradation.

关键词： AM fungi clonal plants Mu Us sandland

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Physiological and ultralstructural changes of Chlorella sp. induced by UV-B radiation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 678-683页

作者： YU Juan1, TANG Xuexi1*, ZHANG Peiyu 1,2. TIAN Jiyuan1 and DONG Shuanglin1(1. Division of life Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2.6003, China 2. college of life sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 2.31653, China) Division of life Science and Technology Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China. college of life {2. Qufu Normal University Qufu 2731653 China

In order to investigate the mechanisms of enhanced UV-B radiation on algae, the effects of UV-B radiation on the physiological and ultrastructural changes of Chlorella sp. were examined. The results showed that UV-B radiation could inhibit the growth and photosynthesis of microalgae. UV-B radiation at lower doses increased the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a (Chla) and carotenoid (Car)) contents, while at higher doses of UV-B radiation Chla and Car contents were decreased. The ultrastructure of Chlorella sp. without exposure to UV-B showed that the thylakoid lamellae were clear and regular, the stroma of its chloroplast was apparent and clear. The globules with photosynthetic pigments and the cristae of mitochondria were clearly seen. After exposure to UV-B radiation at dose of 2.88 kJ/m2. the thylakoid lamellae of Chlorella sp. were lost and dissolved, the globules which contained photosynthetic pigments in chloroplast were bleached; some mitochondria cristae were dissolved; slight plasmolysis was found in some Chlorella sp. cells. After exposure to 5.76 kJ/m2.UV-B radiation, the thylakoid was in disarray and disintegration, plasmolysis was found in most cells, and the cell wall was broken and began to fall out. Many blank areas were observed in cells, mitochondria were seriously deformed and most of the mitochondria cristae were dissolved. Also, globules containing photosynthetic pigments in chloroplast were bleached and some empty globules were found in chloroplast. Therefore, UV-B radiation could damage cell structure of Chlorella sp., and this damage increased with the dose of UV-B radiation they exposed to.

关键词： UV-B radiation physiological changes ultrastructure Chlorella sp.

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The Role of Propeptide in the Refolding of Human Group IB Phospholipase A2

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第9期36卷 583-588页

作者： Hong-Qiang CHENG1 and Gen-Jun XU1,2.Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences, Shanghai 2.0031, China 2.2. of life Science, Zhejiang University of sciences, Hangzhou 310033, China Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences college of life Science Zhejiang University of Sciences

Human group IB phospholipase A2.(IB-PLA2. and its zymogen (proIB-PLA2. were purified from E. coli. Refolding was carried out by diluting the denatured forms of both IB-PLA2.and proIB-PLA2. with renaturation buffer in which the disulfide bonds were completely reduced. The refolding yield of proIB-PLA2.was increased by about 50% over that of the mature enzyme. The refolding of IB-PLA2.usually produced aggregates under normal conditions, as determined by light scattering. In addition, the unfolding experiments showed that the mature enzyme was more stable than the proenzyme toward denaturants in the presence of DTT. Results suggested that the N-terminal sequence rather than its conformation of human proIB-PLA2.played an important role in the refolding process.

关键词： human group IB phospholipase A2.(IB-PLA2. refolding first disulfide bond propeptide

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Effects of Citral on Aspergillus flavus Spores by Quasi-elastic Light Scattering and Multiplex Microanalysis Techniques

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第4期36卷 277-283页

作者： Man LUO1,2. Li-Ke JIANG2. Yao-Xiong HUANG3, Ming XIAO4, Bo LI4, and Guo-Lin ZOU1* 1college of life {2., Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072. China 2.0} of life {2., Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 2.0036, China 3 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ji’nan University, Guangzhou 510632. China 4Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, the Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 2.0433, China college of life {2. Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072 China college of life {2. Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036 China Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ji'nan UniversityGuangzhou 510632 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering the Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433 China

Citral refined from Litsea cubeba oil has been found to have a strong influence on fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus. Multiplex microanalysis and quasi-elastic light scattering techniques were applied to study the effects of citral on Aspergillus flavus spores from the levels of membrane, organelle and intracellular macromolecule. It was found that citral injured the wall and the membrane of A. flavus spore, resulting in decrease of its elasticity. After entering the cell, citral not only influenced the genetic expression of mitochondrion reduplication and its morphology, but also changed the aggregation of protein-like macromolecules. As a result, cells, organelles and macromolecules lost their normal structures and functions, eventually leading to the loss of germination ability of A. flavus spores. Since Litsea cubeba oil as food additive and antifungal agent is safe and less poisonous, it is important to elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms of Litsea cubeba oil on the germination ability of A. flavus spore.

关键词： citral Aspergillus flavus spore multiplex microanalysis techniques quasi-elastic light scattering technique

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Expression and Identification of Mutated Osteoprotegerin in Culture Cells and Larvae of Silkworm

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第5期36卷 331-335页

作者： Hai-Long XIAO, Yong-Feng JIN, and Yao-Zhou ZHANG1* Institute of Biochemistry, college of life {2., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 31002., China college of life {2., Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China college of life {2. Zhejiang University of Science & TechnologyHangzhou 310018China Institute of Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

The mutated osteoprotegerin (OPG-372. gene was inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pBacPAK8, and the recombinant plasmid was co-transfected with linearized Bm-BacPAK6 virus DNA into BmN cells, then homologous recombination occurred inside the cells. The recombinant virus BmNPV-OPG- 372.was screened and identified by Southern blotting. The recombinant human OPG-372.was expressed in cultured cells and the larvae of silkworm by inoculation of recombinant virus. The expression products were run on the SDS-PAGE and their immunoreactivities were determined by Western blotting. It was found that a 42.kD recombinant protein was expressed in BmN cells and a 46 kD one in larvae respectively. The bioactivi- ties of the recombinant proteins were determined by hypocalcemic effect assay in the mice. The results showed that the recombinant proteins had a significant hypocalcemic effect on mice sera.

关键词： OPG-372 silkworm baculovirus expression system hypocalcemic effect

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