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Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside beijing

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2.3. SUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3.1. The Center for Atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, {2. 2. Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 2.043., {2. 3. LAPC/NZC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, beijing 10002., {2. 1. The Center for Atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University 200433 Shanghai China 3. Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS LAPC/NZC 100029 Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 3.3.―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 10%―70% of fine particles （PM{3.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM{3.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside beijing contributed 6{3. （3.%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （5{3.―90%） in PM10, and 76% （59%―93.） in PM{3.5 in spring, and 69% （5{3.―83.）, 79% （5{3.―93.）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM10, and PM{3.5, respectively, in winter, while only{3.% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

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Numerical simulation of topography effects on the “00.7” severe rainfall in beijing

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 818-826页

作者： ZHANG Chaolin1**, JI Chongping1, KUO Yinghwa2. FAN Shuiyong1, XUAN Chunyi3.and CHEN Min1(1. Institute of Urban Meteorology, china Meteorological Administration, {2. 100089, china 2. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 803.7-3.00, USA 3. {2. Meteorological Bureau, {2. 100089, china) Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA. beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089 China

In an effort to study the severe rainfall event of 4—5th July 2.00 in beijing (with 2.h accumulated precipitation of 2.0 mm), we perform numerical simulations to investigate this event using the MM5v3.6 model. The model is initialized with the MM5/WRF 3.VAR analysis, which incorporates the ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor, automatic and conventional meteorological observations in its assimilation step. For 2. h accumulated precipitation forecast, the threat scores are 0.72. 0.76, 0.67 and 0.63. for thresholds of 1, 5, 10, and 2. mm, respectively. Holding other factors unchanged, sensitivity experiments were conducted with different topographic resolutions of 110, 50 and 3.7 km to investigate the topographic effects on precipitation over the beijing area. In these sensitivity experiments, we attempt to preserve the realistic orographic distribution in the model topography under the condition of keeping the dynamic-thermodynamic consistency of the initial model atmosphere to the extent possible. Results indicate that the unique topographic distribution and variations in the beijing area play an important role in determining the location, distribution and intensity of heavy precipitation.

关键词： topography heavy rainfall 3.VAR ground-based GPS numerical simulation.

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Study on the two and three-parameter working stability regions of 3.-TZP suspension

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第5期49卷 547-568页

作者： CHEN Youqiang1, 2. ZHANG Xinni3. CHEN Sha’ou3.& QI Ping3.1. Department of Chemistry, Qingdao University, Qingdao 2.6071, {2. 2. Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, {2. 3. Department of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 2.6071, {2. 1. Department of Chemistry Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China 2. Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 3. Department of Physics Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China

We determined the variation tendency of viscosity (η) at various solids load- ing (α) for 3.-TZP suspension as a function of dispersant concentration (Cw) using vis- cosity measurement, measured the diameter of particles as a function of Cw in very dilute suspension using light scattering method, and obtained the surface features of the sedi- ment of suspension with different Cw using SEM. We also discussed the influence of the microstructure of adsorbed polymer layers on particles and their interactions in the dis- persing medium on the stability of suspension. Then two different stable states and two different unstable states for 3.-TZP suspension were given. Accordingly, the (Cw, η), (Cw, α), and (α, η) two-parameter, and (Cw, α, η) three-parameter stability maps were con- structed. Based on the DLVO theory calculations, the dispersant concentration, particle distance (r), and interparticle potential energy (VT) maps with various solids loading for 3.-TZP aqueous suspension were also constructed. In (Cw, r) two-parameter coordinate system, the stable motion region map for particles was established. The Cw, α, and VT,max (the highest potential energy) surface of the potential barrier map was obtained through calculation and simulation on the basis of the surfaces of Cw, r, VT maps introduced above. The (Cw, α) two-parameter stability map was then obtained from the Cw, α, VT,max map. The results showed that this theoretical map can qualitatively prove the experimentally obtained results—the existence of different dispersed states of particles in suspension system and the variation tendency of suspension stability with changing each parame- ter—were reasonable.

关键词： 3.-TZP, suspension, stability, DLVO theory, interparticle potential energy.

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Solving the input data in error correc-tion of optical fabrication by finite Fourier coefficient algorithm

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第1期49卷 50-60页

作者： CHENG Haobo1,2. SUN Guozheng3.& FENG Zhijing2.1. Department of Optical Engineering, {2. Institute of Technology, {2. 100081, {2. 2. Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology, Tsinghua University, {3., {2. 3. {2. North Industries Group Corporation, {2. 100089, {2. 1. Department of Optical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China 2. Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 3. china North Industries Group Corporation Beijing 100089 China

A free-form lens (FFL) is a special surface that is difficult to be fabricated. FFL are usually fabricated by computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) technique. During CCOS, the material removal amount is determined by the unit removal function (URF) convoluting with the input data――the dwell time. When the removal amount and the URF are known, how to solve the input data involves the special algorithm――deconvolution. Usually, the input data are solved by virtue of low pass filter or iterative methods. However, an approximation solution would destroy the machining stability nec-essary to perform precisely CCOS. In this paper, to solve the input data, a new method that is based on the finite Fourier coefficient is put forward. It can give a continuous and accurate solution for fabricating choice. Several parameters are simulated, which influ-ence the process of CCOS, and evaluating on the effect of the method is also carried out. Experimental results verify that this method is suitable for guiding the manufacturing of high precision FFL.

关键词： optical fabrication, computer controlled optical surfacing, free-form lens, finite Fourier coefficient, error correction.

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Three industries and wastewater and COD discharge of beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第4期12卷 474-477页

作者： WANG Yan 1, WANG Hong rui 2. NING Da tong 2.(1. {2. Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, {2. 10003., {2. 2. Institute of Environmental Sciences, {2. Normal University, {2. 100875, {2.) 北京市环境保护所北京 1 0 0 0 3 北京师范大学北京 1 0 0 875

With the swift development of economy, the water quality of beijing is becoming worse day by day and hampers the sustainable development obviously. In this paper, the current conditions of the municipal wastewater structure in the industrial sectors are analysed and discussed in terms of the indicators, such as direct wastewater\|discharge coefficient, complete wastewater\|discharge coefficient, direct discharge coefficient of COD and complete discharge coefficient of COD, by taking a year of 1990s as the base year. Some countermeasures are studied and the corresponding recommendations are put forward in order to improve the water environment in beijing. This provides a scientific ground for coordinating the relationship between the aquatic environment and economic growth in this city.

关键词： direct wastewater discharge coefficient (DWDC) complete wastewater discharge coefficient (CWDC) direct discharge coefficient of COD(DDC of COD) complete discharge coefficient of COD (CDC of COD)

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Variation properties of ionospheric eclipse factor and ionospheric influence factor

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第6期15卷 573-576页

作者： ZHAO Chunmei 1,2.*, YUAN Yunbin1, OU Jikun1 and CHEN Jinping3.1. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43.077, china 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, {3. 10003., china 3. Department of Precision Instrument and Mechanology, Tsinghua University, {3., china) Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Department of Precision Instrument and Mechanology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The concepts and calculation methods of ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) and ionospheric influence factor (IFF) are further illustrated. The temporal and spacial variation properties of IEF and IFF are studied, which shows that the properties are influenced by the geographic position and season. The possibility of improving the precision of using GPS data to determine ionospheric delay based on the above variation properties is also analysed.

关键词： GPS ionospheric eclipse factor ionospheric influence factor

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A MESSAGE-DRIVING FORMALISM FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MULTI-AGENT SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEMS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第4期20卷 385-399页

作者： Wenzhe TAN1 Yueting CHAI2.Yi LIU3.1Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, beijing, {2., {2. 2.epartment of Automation, Tsinghua University, beijing, {2., {2. 3.epartment of Automation, Tsinghua University, beijing, {2., {2. Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China

To acquire a competitive advantage in the expanding market, manufacturing enterprises should be able to manage their supply chains as effectively as possible. It is now becoming popular to model supply chains as multi-agent systems and use discrete event simulation to learn more about their behaviors or investigate the implications of alternative configurations. In order to enhance the computational efficiency and keep the simulation credibility, this paper proposes a message-driving formalism for the simulation of multi-agent supply chain systems. Through the message-driving formalism, the problem of shared variables is addressed and the parallel operation of agents is implemented. Simulation experiments with a prototype implementation show that the message-driving formalism is able to provide credible results in significantly less simulation time.

关键词： Supply chain multi-agent system modeling and simulation parallel discrete event simulation message-driving formalism

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Effects of binders on the performance of electric double-layer capacitors of carbon nanotube electrodes

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第5期15卷 453-457页

作者： LI Chensha1*, WANG Dazhi1, ZHANG Baoyou2. WANG Xiaofeng1, CAO Maosheng3. and LIANG Ji1(1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, {2. 2. Center for Analysis and Measurement, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, {2. 3. School of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, {2.) Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Center for Analysis and Measurement Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China School of Material Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Polarizable electrodes of electric double layer capacitor (EDLCs) were made from carbon nanotubes. Effects of different binders, which are phenolic resin (PF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), on the properties of polarizable electrodes are studied. Results indicate that the microstructure, pore size distribution and specific capacitance of the electrodes with PTFE binder are superior to those electrodes with PF binder after carbonization. The suitable binder (PTFE) for carbon nanotubes electrodes is proposed.

关键词： carbon nanotubes electric double-layer capacitors phenolic resin polytetrafluoroethylene.

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A new method of discovering new meteor showers from the IMO single-station video meteor database

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第8期51卷 1170-1178页

作者： LI Jun1,2.& ZHU Jin3.1 No.2.Middle School of {2.,{2. 100010,{2. 2.School of Journalism and Communication,Tsinghua University,{3.,{2. 3.{2. Planterium,{2. 100044,{2. 1. No.2.Middle School of beijing Beijing 100010 China 2. School of Journalism and Communication Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 3. beijing Planterium Beijing 100044 China

It has been found that unknown meteor showers could be efficiently discovered from the single station video meteor database of the International Meteor Organization(IMO) by assuming the geocentric velocity and adjusting it within the dynamically permitted range. The mean geocentric velocities of new meteor showers can be obtained,as well as the coordinates of the radiants. The activity period and maximum time can also be obtained if there are sufficient shower meteors. All single station video meteor observations between February 13.and 17(from 2.00 to 2.05) in IMO's database are processed with this method. As a result,two new meteor showers,one near RA=2.5.10°,Dec=41.82. in Hercules and the other near RA=2.3.03.,Dec=17.04° in Serpenids,are discovered. Some dynamical characteristics of the new meteor showers are also determined. Considering the random nature on the selection of period in this work,it is expected that there are some more potential new meteor showers in IMO's video database.

关键词： single-station video meteor database the process of single-station video meteor database discovery of new meteor showers

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Paleotemperature changes over the past 3.00 years in eastern beijing, china: A reconstraction based on Mg/Sr records in a stalagmite

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第4期48卷 395-400页

作者： MA Zhibang1, LI Hongchun2. XIA Ming1, KU Tehlung2. PENG Zicheng3. CHEN Yushu4 & ZHANG Zhaofeng3.1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10002., china 2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089-0740, USA 3. Department of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of china, Hefei 2.002., china 4. {2. Foshan Tourist Service Centre, {2. 1012.1, china Institute of Geology and Geophysics. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The Mg/Sr ratio in a stalagmite, which is di-rectly proportional to DMg/Ca, the solid-liquid distribution coefficient of Mg, is proposed as a geochemical thermometer to estimate paleotemperature changes. The paleotempera-ture change in eastern beijing over the past 3.00 years has been reconstructed by using this thermometer in the stalag-mite ZFFS-1 from Jingdong Cave. The records can be di-vided into two periods: 3.00—2.00 aBP, cool and wet, the air temperature averaging 9.8℃; and 2.00 aBP—present, hot and dry, the air temperature being 1℃ higher than the mean value (11.7℃) of the past 3.00 years. During 500—2.0 aBP, the air temperature was about 1.2. lower than that of the present, corresponding to the Little Ice Age in Europe. Like d 18O and d 13., Mg/Sr (or DMg/Ca) reflects an obviously warming trend of the past 2.0 years. These results are sup-ported by historic records.

关键词：北京京东溶洞石笋 Mg/Sr记录古气温测年 3.00年

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