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Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim craton

Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 120-127页

作者： ZHAO Jingzhou~(1,2. & LI Qiming~3.1. Department of Petroleum Geology, Xi’an Petroleum Institute, Xi’an 710065, china 2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Petro{3., Beijing 100083. china 3. Tarim Oilfield Company, Kuerle, Xinjiang 841000, china Department of Petroleum Geology Xi’an Petroleum Institute Xi’an China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China Tarim Oilfield Company Kuerle Xinjiang China

Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe Tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin craton geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation history of hydrocarbon accumulation marine reservoir primary reservoir secondary reservoir.

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Mechanism for calcite dissolution and its contribution to development of reservoir porosity and permeability in the Kela 2.gas field,Tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 567-578页

作者： YU BingSong1,3. DONG HailLiang2.3.& RUAN Zhuang1,3.1 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083. china 2.Department of Geology, Miami University,Oxford, OH 45056, USA 3.Geomicrobiology Laboratory, china University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083. china State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Geomicrobiology Laboratory China University of Geosciences Beijing China Department of Geology Miami University Oxford USA

This study is undertaken to understand how calcite precipitation and dissolution contributes to depth-related changes in porosity and permeability of gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs in the Kela 2.gas field of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern china. Sandstone samples and pore water samples are col-lected from well KL2.1 in the Tarim Basin. Vertical profiles of porosity, permeability, pore water chem-istry, and the relative volume abundance of calcite/dolomite are constructed from 3.00 to 4000 m below the ground surface within major oil and gas reservoir rocks. Porosity and permeability values are in-versely correlated with the calcite abundance, indicating that calcite dissolution and precipitation may be controlling porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks. Pore water chemistry exhibits a sys-tematic variation from the Na2.O4 type at the shallow depth (3.00-3.3. m), to the NaHCO3.type at the intermediate depth (3.3.―3.95 m),and to the CaCl2.type at the greater depth (3.2.―3.3. m). The geochemical factors that control the calcite solubility include pH, temperature, pressure, Ca2. concen-tration, the total inorganic carbon concentration (ΣCO2., and the type of pore water. Thermodynamic phase equilibrium and mass conservation laws are applied to calculate the calcite saturation state as a function of a few key parameters. The model calculation illustrates that the calcite solubility is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of pore water, mainly the concentration difference between the total dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved calcium concentration (i.e., [ΣCO2. -[Ca2.]). In the Na2.O4 water at the shallow depth, this index is close to 0, pore water is near the calcite solubility. Calcite does not dissolve or precipitate in significant quantities. In the NaHCO3.water at the intermedi-ate depth, this index is greater than 0, and pore water is supersaturated with respect to calcite. Massive calcite precipitation was observed at this depth interval and

关键词： calcite dissolution porosity thermodynamic Tarim Basin

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Paleoceanographic evolution recorded in the northern South china Sea since 4 Ma

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2166-2173页

作者： HUANG Baoqi1,2. JIAN Zhimin2.& WANG Pinxian2.1. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871,{3. 2. Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092.{3. School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing China Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China

Upper water structure over the last 4 million years in the northern South china Sea (SCS) was reconstructed by sea surface temperature (SST) and primary productivity estimated by changes in the abundance of planktonic foraminifer, planktonic foraminifer transfer function, and the accumulation rate of benthic foraminifera. Results of SST and primary productivity show that SST gradually decreased since 4 Ma, but differential seasonal temperature and primary productivity increased in steps mainly at about 3.1, 2.7, 2.1, 1.6, 0.9 and 0.5 Ma. Comparison with tectonics and orbital variations indicates that phased rising of the Tibet since 3.6 Ma, closing of Panama and Indonesian seaways, and orbital changes were responsible for the changes of upper water structure in the SCS, respectively.

关键词： northern South china Sea, upper water structure, Late Pliocene, planktonic foraminifer, ODP 1146.

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On the siltation of the middle Yangtze River

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第5期47卷 463-480页

作者： YIN Hongfu1, CHEN Guojin2. LI Chang抋n1 & WEI Yuan3.1. School of Earth Sciences, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 2. Hydrogeological Team, Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Jingzhou 43.100, china 3. Geological Survey of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 3.02.1, china School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Hydrogeological Team Hubei Bureau of Geol./Mineral Rsrc. Jingzhou 434100 China Geological Survey of Jiangxi Prov. Nanchang 330201 China

About 5.2.108 t/a of silts from the upper reach of the Yangtze River are transported through Yichang into the middle Yangtze River. The middle Yangtze itself and its tributaries yield ca. 0.8×108 t silts annually. Of this total 6×108 t/a input of silts, ca. 1.2.108 t/a are deposited within the river artery and lakes, while ca 4.83.108 t/a are at first transported into the lower reach through Datong, and then either deposited along the river and the Yangtze Delta, or output into the sea. Along the middle Yangtze River silting generally exceeds scouring, but the spatial and temporal distributions of scour-and-fill, as well as its distribution in the river valley transections, are uneven. Along the Yichang-Chenglingji and Jiujiang-Datong Segments of the middle Yangtze, scouring exceeds or equals silting. Silting mainly occurs along the Luoshan-Wuhan-Huangshi Segments with Wuhan as the pivotal point, as well as in the Dongting and Poyang Lakes. Even in these silting-dominated areas, there are times and parts of segments that scouring prevails. As to the transections, generally the river channel of main stream is scouring-dominated, forming V-shaped sections to a depth of 2.3. m or more, whereas the floodplains and bar islands are silting-dominated, forming wide and relatively high flats, which are often artificially transformed into protected embankments. Because the Jingjiang Levee separates the Jianghan Plain from Yangtze to the south, little has been deposited in that plain except a few sediments from the Han River—a tributary of the middle Yangtze. This factor plus the tectonic sag of that plain has made the altitude of plain surface several meters lower than that of the levee in most of the areas. Sil-tation along the Luoshan-Wuhan-Huangshi Segments has resulted in the elevation of flood level in this and upstream segments. River channel scouring plus floodplain silting have caused the transections of the middle Yangtze valley typically with deep channel and height

关键词： the middle Yangtze, scour-and-fill, siltation, silt utilization.

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In situ reproductive organs of Early Cretaceous ferns from Northeast china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第23期42卷 1977-1980,2026页

作者： DENG Shenghui and CHEN Fen1. Research Institute of Petroleum and Development, Beijing 100083.2. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083. china Research Institute of Petroleum and Development Beijing china University of Geosciences Beijing China

FILICOPSIDA is a predominant group of the Early Cretaceous floras of Northeast china, whichapproximates 100 species and accounts for more than one third of the floras. The majority ofthis group are of great importance and significance in stratigraphy. The previous studies ofthese ferns are mainly morphological, with only a few concerning the in situ spores andsporangia. In recent years. the authors have carried out a research project on the in situreproductive organs of the Early Cretaceous ferns from/ basins of Inner Mongolia, Liaoning,Jilin and Heilongjiang of Northeast china. The study focuses on 3. species of 17 genera be-longing to 10 families. The present note briefly introduces the results of this study by listingsome representative species.

关键词： Northeast china Early Cretaceous Filicopsida in situ reproductive organs.

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Biogas charging and dissipating process and its accumulation in the Sebei gasfield,Qaidam Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 36-44页

作者： JIN Qiang 1,CHENG FuQi 1,2.,SU AiGuo 3.,ZHU GuangYou 3.,WANG Li 1 &CAO Qian 1 1 china University of Petroleum,Dongying,Shandong 2.7061,{3. 2.Geological Institute of Shengli Oilfield,SINOPEC,Dongying,Shandong 2.7015,{3. 3.Petroleum Exploration and Development Institute,Petro{3.,Beijing 100083.{3. china University of Petroleum Dongying China Geological Institute of Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC Dongying China Petroleum Exploration and Development Institute PetroChina Beijing China

The Sebei gasfield is the largest biogas accumulation found in china and many reservoirs and seal rocks superposed on a syndepositional anticline in *** biogas charging and dissipating process and its distribution have been a research focus for many *** authors suggest a diffusing and accumulating model for the biogas,as they find that the shallower the gas producer,the more methane in the biogas,and the lighter stable carbon isotope composition of *** on the diffusing model,diffused biogas is quantitatively estimated for each potential sandy reservoir in the gasfield,and the gas charging quantity for the sandy reservoir is also calculated by the diffused gas quantity plus gas reserve in-place.A ratio of diffusing quantity to charging quantity is postulated to describe biogas accumulating state in a sandy reservoir,if the ratio is less than 0.6,the reservoir forms a good gas-pool and high-production layer in the gasfield,which often occurs in the reservoirs deeper than 900 m;if the ratio is greater than 0.6,a few gas accumulated in the reservoir,which frequently exists in the reservoirs shallower than 900 ***,a biogas accumulation model is built up as lateral direct charging from gas source for the sands deeper than 900 m and indirect charging from lower gas-bearing sands by diffusion at depth shallower than 900 *** this charging and diffusion quantitative model,the authors conducted re-evaluation on each wildcat in the central area of the Qaidam Basin,and found many commercial biogas layers.

关键词： biogas charging and diffusing model relative dissipated quantity Qaidam Basin

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Multi-level decollement zones and detachment deformation of Longmenshan thrust belt,Sichuan Basin,southwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 32-43页

作者： TANG LiangJie1,2.3.YANG KeMing4,JIN WenZheng1,2.3.L ZhiZhou4 & YU YiXin1,2.3.1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,{3. University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,{3. 2.Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,{3. University of Petroleum,Ministry of Education,Beijing 102.49,{3. 3.Basin and Reservoir Research Center,{3. University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,{3. 4 Southwest Division Company,SINOPEC,Chengdu 610081,{3. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China Southwest Division Company SINOPEC Chengdu China

As is well known that many decollement layers were developed in the Longmenshan thrust belt,Si-chuan Basin,china. Through field investigation,explanation of seismic profiles and analysis of the balanced sections,we can divide the decollement zones into 3.categories: (1) the deep level decolle-ment zones,including the crust-mantle decollement layer,intracrustal decollement layer,and presinian basal decollement layer. The main structural styles of their deformation are the crust-mantle decoup-ling detachment deformation,the basal ductile shear deformation,etc.; (2. the middle level decollement zones,including the Cambrian-Ordovician decollement layer,the Silurian decollement layer,etc.,the main structural styles of their deformation are the isopachous fold,the angular fold,the saddle struc-ture,and the combination styles of them; and (3. the shallow level decollement zones,including the Xujiahe Formation decollement layer of Upper Triassic and the Jurassic decollement layers,the main structural styles of their deformation are the thrust-nappe tectonic,the pop-up,the triangle zone ,the duplex,etc. Multi-level decollement zones not only made the Longmenshan thrust belt develop many different deformation styles from deep place to shallow place,but also made some local areas have the superimposition of the tectonic deformation apparently. This study indicates that the multi-level de-collement zones have a very important effect on the shaping and evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt.

关键词： decollement layer structural styles multi-level decollement zones Longmenshan thrust belt

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A New SHRIMP Age of the Xiamaling Formation in the North china Plate and Its Geological Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第6期81卷 1103-1109页

作者： GAO Linzhi~(1,*)ZHANG Chuanheng~2.SHI Xiaoying~2.ZHOU Hongrui~2.WANG Ziqiang~2.SONG Biao~(1,3. 1 Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 10003.,china 2.1} University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083.china 3.Beijing SHRIMP Central,10003. Beijing,china Chinese Acas Geol Sci Inst Geol Beijing 100037 Peoples R China Beijing SHRIMP Cent Beijing 100037 Peoples R China china Univ Geosci Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Setting up the hypostratotype of late Precambrian is the main aim of the research on the Meso-and Neoproterozoic in North *** chronostratigraphic position is the key in this study. However,many key horizons have not been calibrated with the high-quality isotopic *** the reported new U-Pb age with the Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe（SHRIMPⅡ）,a zircon U- Pb age was obtained of the ash bed in the Xiamaling Formation in North china Plate,yielding a weighted mean;Pb/;U age of 13.8±12.*** is the first SHRIMP U-Pb age from the Xiamaling Formation in the North china Plate,and represents the depositing time of the middle part of the Xiamaling *** zircon age plays an important role to understanding geological evolution of the North china Plate during Meso-and Neoproterozoic.

关键词： SHRIMP U-Pb Dating Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation North china Plate

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Quantitative relationships between vegetation and several pollen taxa in surface soil from North china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第16期45卷 1519-1523页

作者： LI Yiyin, ZHANG Xinshi & ZHOU Guangsheng1. Department of Urbon and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china 2. Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093. china 3. School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 13.02., china Correspondence should be addressed to Li Yiyin Department of Urbon and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China School of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun China Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

According to the vegetation investigation and pollen analysis of surface samples sampled along a precipitation gradient of the Northeast china Transect (NECT), several pollen taxa, including Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Ulmus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, were chosen to make the regression and correlation analyses. The results indicated that there exists a close relationship between vegetation and pollen taxa in surface samples. The regression parameters for ten taxa in the forests in the eastern part of NECT were different from those in the steppes in the western part. Pinus, Betula, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, which have large slope and y-intercept terms, were over-representative taxa. Acer, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, which have small slope and y-intercept terms, were under-representative taxa. Quercus, Tilia and Ulmus whose slope terms have negative correlation with y-intercept terms were equi-representative taxa. The pollen taxa with large slope or large y-intercept

关键词： pollen taxa in surface soil vegetation regression parameters (slope term and y-intercept term) representation Northeast china Transect (NECT).

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Solving the input data in error correc-tion of optical fabrication by finite Fourier coefficient algorithm

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第1期49卷 50-60页

作者： CHENG Haobo1,2. SUN Guozheng3.& FENG Zhijing2.1. Department of Optical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,{2. 2. Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,{2. 3.{2. North Industries Group Corporation, Beijing 100089,{2. Department of Optical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology Tsinghua University Beijing China china North Industries Group Corporation Beijing China

A free-form lens (FFL) is a special surface that is difficult to be fabricated. FFL are usually fabricated by computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) technique. During CCOS, the material removal amount is determined by the unit removal function (URF) convoluting with the input data――the dwell time. When the removal amount and the URF are known, how to solve the input data involves the special algorithm――deconvolution. Usually, the input data are solved by virtue of low pass filter or iterative methods. However, an approximation solution would destroy the machining stability nec-essary to perform precisely CCOS. In this paper, to solve the input data, a new method that is based on the finite Fourier coefficient is put forward. It can give a continuous and accurate solution for fabricating choice. Several parameters are simulated, which influ-ence the process of CCOS, and evaluating on the effect of the method is also carried out. Experimental results verify that this method is suitable for guiding the manufacturing of high precision FFL.

关键词： optical fabrication, computer controlled optical surfacing, free-form lens, finite Fourier coefficient, error correction.

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