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Surface roughness classification using light scattering matrix and deep learning

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 520-535页

作者： SUN Hao TAN wei RUAN YiXiao BAI Long xu JianFeng State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Wuhan Digital Design and Manufacturing Innovation Center Co. LtdWuhan 430074China

High-quality optical components have been widely used in various applications;thus,extremely high beam quality is ***,surface roughness is a key indicator of the surface *** this study,the angular distribution of light scattering field intensity was obtained for surfaces having different roughness profiles based on the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method,and the results were compared with those obtained using the generalized Harvey-Shack(GHS)*** was shown that the FDTD approach can be used for an accurate simulation of the scattered field of a rough surface,and the superposition of results obtained from many surfaces that have the same roughness level was in good agreement with the result given by the analytic GHS model.A light scattering matrix(LSM)method was proposed based on the FDTD simulation results that could obtain rich surface roughness *** classification effect of LSM was compared with that of the single-incidence scattering distribution(SISD)based on a ResNet-50 deep learning *** classification accuracy of the model trained with the LSM dataset was obtained as 95.74%,which was 23.40%higher than that trained using the SISD ***,the effects of different noise types and filtering methods on the classification performance were analyzed,and the LSM was also shown to improve the robustness and generalizability of the trained surface roughness ***,the proposed LSM method has important implications for improving the data acquisition scheme of current light scattering measurement systems,and it also has the potential to be used for detection and characterization of surface defects of optical components.

关键词： surface roughness FDTD simulation GHS theory deep learning light scattering matrix

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New Vacuum Solar Telescope Achieves Narrowband Infrared Solar Imaging Observation at He I 1.830 A

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 76-84页

作者： wei-Jie Meng Fang-Yu xu Zhen-Yu Jin Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science Kunming 650216China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The near-infrared imaging channel constitutes a crucial component of the multichannel high-resolution imaging system of the New Vacuum Solar Telescope(NVST). We have successfully achieved high-resolution, narrowband imaging of the chromosphere using He I 1.830 A triplet within this channel, which significantly enhances the imaging observation capabilities of NVST. This paper provides a concise overview of the optical system associated with the near-infrared imaging channel, detailing data processing procedures and presenting several observed images. Leveraging a high-resolution image reconstruction algorithm, we were able to generate a narrowband image near the diffraction limit at 1.830 A with a temporal resolution of less than 1. s.

关键词： instrumentation detectors-instrumentation high angular resolution-Sun chromosphere-Sun infrared

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Resolving the geometric structure of trastuzumab by mobility capillary electrophoresis and native mass spectrometry

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 221-225页

作者： Wenjing Zhang Jie Hong Lei Yang Zuqiang xu Yu Xiang wei xu School of Life Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Available online Immunoglobulins G(IgGs)are Y-shaped globular proteins,however,their high flexibility and heterogeneity pose great challenges to their structure and conformation *** structure of IgG closely correlates to its biofunctions,such as the antibody escape of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)could attribute to the distance mismatch between the ends of two Fab arms(antigen-binding sites)and envelope glycoprotein spikes on virion ***,we report the first use of mobility capillary electrophoresis(MCE)and native mass spectrometry(nMS)to resolve the internal geometric structure and conformation of an IgG(trastuzumab)in solution *** proteolysis,the ellipsoid dimensions of IgG and its subunits were measured by MCE-nMS *** was then reconstructed,in which the sizes and relative positions of these three subunits in three-dimensional space were *** was found that the two Fab arms have an angle of~1.2.1.and a distance of~1..0 nm between the two antigen-binding sites under native condition,and the Fc arm was tilted~1..0°towards one of the Fab *** was not on the plane of Fab-Fab,but has an angle of no larger than 1.3.1..Under acidic environment(pH 3.0),each subunit of the IgG would unfold into larger dimensions,and the angles between these subunits also *** great potential for tumor imaging and therapy,the structure of F(ab')_(2)fragments was also measured and validated by molecular dynamic *** was found that the electrostatic force among these three subunits and steric hindrance stemming from Fc help maintaining the angle between two Fab arms.

关键词： Native mass spectrometry Mobility capillary electrophoresis Trastuzumab Protein structure Geometric structure

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Neutron irradiation influence on high-power thyristor device under fusion environment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 65-81页

作者： wei Tong Hua Li Meng xu Zhi-Quan Song Bo Chen School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

Because of their economy and applicability,high-power thyristor devices are widely used in the power supply systems for large fusion *** high-dose neutrons produced by deuterium–tritium(D–T)fusion reactions are irradiated on a thyristor device for a long time,the electrical characteristics of the device change,which may eventually cause irreversible *** this study,with the thyristor switch of the commutation circuit in the quench protection system(QPS)of a fusion device as the study object,the relationship between the internal physical structure and external electrical parameters of the irradiated thyristor is ***,a series of targeted thyristor physical simulations and neutron irradiation experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy of the theoretical *** addition,the effect of irradiated thyristor electrical characteristic changes on the entire QPS is studied by accurate simulation,providing valuable guidelines for the maintenance and renovation of the QPS.

关键词： Fusion device Neutron irradiation effects Thyristor Quench protection

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Comparative analysis of thermodynamic and mechanical responses between underground hydrogen storage and compressed air energy storage in lined rock caverns

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第4期34卷 531-543页

作者： Bowen Hu Liyuan Yu Xianzhen Mi Fei xu Shuchen Li wei Li Chao wei Tao Zhang State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Key Laboratory of Large Structure Health Monitoring and Control Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)and compressed air energy storage(CAES)are two viable largescale energy storage technologies for mitigating the intermittency of wind and solar ***,it is meaningful to compare the properties of hydrogen and air with typical thermodynamic storage *** study employs a multi-physical coupling model to compare the operations of CAES and UHS,integrating gas thermodynamics within caverns,thermal conduction,and mechanical deformation around rock *** thermodynamic responses are validated using additional simulations and the field test *** and pressure variations of air and hydrogen within rock caverns exhibit similarities under both adiabatic and diabatic simulation *** reaches higher temperature and pressure following gas charging stage compared to air,and the ideal gas assumption may lead to overestimation of gas temperature and *** steel lining of CAES,the sealing layer(fibre-reinforced plastic FRP)in UHS is prone to deformation but can effectively mitigates stress in the sealing *** CAES,the first principal stress on the surface of the sealing layer and concrete lining is tensile stress,whereas UHS exhibits compressive stress in the same *** present research can provide references for the selection of energy storage methods.

关键词： Underground hydrogen storage Compressed air energy storage Mechanical response Thermodynamic response Lined rock caverns

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Boosting oxygen reduction activity and CO_(2) resistance on bismuth ferrite-based perovskite cathode for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells below 600℃

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 600-609,I0013页

作者： Juntao Gao Zhiyun wei Mengke Yuan Zhe Wang Zhe Lü Qiang Li Lingling xu Bo wei School of Physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080HeilongjiangChina School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025HeilongjiangChina

Developing efficient and stable cathodes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs) is of great importance for the practical ***,we propose a series of Sm-modified Bi_(0.7-x)Sm_xSr_(0.3)FeO_(3-δ) perovskites as highly-active catalysts for *** doping can significantly enhance the electrocata lytic activity and chemical stability of *** 600℃,Bi_(0.675)Sm_(0.025)Sr_(0.3)FeO_(3-δ)(BSSF25) cathode has been found to be the optimum composition with a polarization resistance of 0.098 Ω cm^2,which is only around 22.8% of Bi_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)FeO_(3-δ)(BSF).A full cell utilizing BSSF25 displays an exceptional output density of 790 mW cm^(-2),which can operate continuously over1.0 h without obvious *** remarkable electrochemical performance observed can be attributed to the improved O_(2) transport kinetics,superior surface oxygen adsorption capacity,as well as O_(2)p band centers in close proximity to the Fermi ***,larger average bonding energy(ABE) and the presence of highly acidic Bi,Sm,and Fe ions restrict the adsorption of CO_(2) on the cathode surface,resulting in excellent CO_(2) *** work provides valuable guidance for systematic design of efficient and durable catalysts for LT-SOFCs.

关键词： Low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell Perovskite cathode DFT calculations CO_(2) tolerance

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New strategy for boosting cathodic performance of low temperature solid oxide fuel cells via chlorine doping

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8086-8094页

作者： ShaoHua xu Hao Qiu Shanshan Jiang Jingjing Jiang wei Wang Xiaomin xu wei Kong Tanaka Dennis Chivurugwi Arkadii Proskurin Daifen Chen Chao Su School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China Institute of Analysis and Testing Beijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100089China State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerthWA6102Australia Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding Heroiv Ukrainy av.9Mykolaiv54025Ukraine

To enhance the performance and widespread use of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),addressing the low-temperature(<650℃)electrochemical performance and operational stability issues of cathode materials is ***,we propose ... 详细信息

To enhance the performance and widespread use of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs),addressing the low-temperature(1.Fe_(0.9)O_(3-δ-x)Clx(x=0.05 and 0.1.)exhibits improved performance compared to SrTa_(0.1.Fe_(0.9)O_(3-δ)(STF).SrTa_(0.1.Fe_(0.9)O_(2.95-δ)Cl_(0.05)(STFCl0.05)shows the lowest area-specific resistance(ASR)value on Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9(SDC)*** 600℃,STFCl0.05 achieves an ASR value of 0.084Ω·cm^(2),and a single cell with STFCl0.05 reaches a higher peak power density(PPD)value(1.43 mW·cm^(-2))than that with STF(672 mW·cm^(-2)).Additionally,besides exhibiting excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity at lower temperatures,the STFCl0.05 cathode demonstrates good CO_(2)tolerance and operational *** cell operation lasts for 1.0 h,and single cell operation endures for 720 h without significant performance *** chlorine doping approach effectively enhances ORR activity and stability,making STFCl0.05 a promising cathode material for low-temperature SOFCs.

关键词： low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs) oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) CO_(2)tolerance chlorine doping

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Influence of filler characteristics on particle removal in fluid catalytic cracking slurry under an alternating electric field

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2102-2111页

作者： Qiang Li Hui-Zhen Yang Can Yang Qing-Zhu Qiu wei-wei xu Zhao-Zeng Liu College of New Energy China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina

The characteristics of the packing material under an alternating electric field are an important factor in the removal of FCCS *** this study,the electric field distribution of a separation unit consisting of packed spheres under an alternating electric field is simulated,and the movement mechanism of catalyst particles is ***"effective contact point"model is derived to predict the adsorption of filler contact points on catalyst particles under the alternating electric field,and the model is validated by simulations and *** numerical calculation and experimental results indicate that the electrical properties of the filler spheres,the filler angleθ,and the frequency f of the alternating electric field affect the adsorption of catalyst *** the frequency of the electric field increases,the particle removal efficiency of the high-conductivity filler(silicon carbide)increases and then settles,and the separation efficiency of the low-conductivity filler(glass,zirconia)is not sensitive to the change in electric field frequency.

关键词： Fluid catalyticcracking slurry(FCCS) Particle AC electric field Fillers Removal

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Genetic engineering drives the breakthrough of pig models in liver disease research

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Liver Research 2024年第3期8卷 131-140页

作者： Chenhao xu Xixi Fang Xiao xu xuyong wei Zhejiang University School of Medicine HangzhouZhejiangChina Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhouZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province HangzhouZhejiangChina Hangzhou Normal University HangzhouZhejiangChina School of Clinical Medicine Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation HangzhouZhejiangChina Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina

Compared with the widely used rodents,pigs are anatomically,physiologically,and genetically more similar to humans,making them high-quality models for the study of liver ***,we review the latest research progress on pigs as a model of human liver disease,including methods for establishing them and their advantages in studying cystic fibrosis liver disease,acute liver failure,liver regeneration,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,liver tumors,and *** also emphasize the importance of genetic engineering techniques,mainly the CRISPR/Cas9 system,which has greatly enhanced the utility of porcine models as a tool for substantially advancing liver disease *** engineering is expected to propel the pig as one of the irreplaceable animal models for future biomedical research.

关键词： Animal model Liver disease Genetic engineering CRISPR/Cas9 Xenogeneic liver transplantation Pig

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Opportunities and challenges of high-entropy materials in lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 4884-4902页

作者： Tong-Yue xu Huai-wei Feng wei Liu Yan Wang Hong-He Zheng College of Energy&Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies& Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University NARI Technology Co. Ltd.

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) currently occupy an important position in the energy storage market, and the development of advanced LIBs with higher energy density and power density, better cycle life and safety is a hot topic for both academia and industry. In recent years, high-entropy materials(HEMs) with complex stoichiometric ratios have attracted great attention in the field of LIBs due to their various promising functional properties. The adjustability and synergistic effects of multiple elements in HEMs make them possible to break through the bottleneck of traditional electrode materials and electrolytes, providing new opportunities for the development of high-performance LIBs. This article provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges of HEMs in LIBs, including cathodes, anodes and electrolytes. The progress of HEMs in LIBs is first summarized and analyzed, then the potential advantages and limitations of HEMs used in LIBs are concluded, finally some envisioned solutions are proposed to develop more advanced LIBs through HEMs.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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