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A formal model of fair exchange protocols

Science in China(Series F) 2005年第4期48卷 499-512页

作者： QING Sihan1,2,3 & LI Gaicheng1,2,3 1. Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology, Institute of Software, Chinese Aca- demy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of Information Technology, Beijing 100080, China 3. Graduate School of the Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, China 1. Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. Beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of Information Technology 100080 Beijing China 3. Graduate School of the Chinese academy of sciences 100039 Beijing China

Based on the study of existing fair exchange protocols, this paper sets up an accurate formal model by stepwise refinement. In the process of refinement an unreliable channel is employed to simulate an attack behavior. The model provides a novel formal definition of exchanged items, and presents the formal goals for fairness, accountability, etc., reflecting the inherent requirements for fair exchange protocols across-the-board. In order to check, prove, and design fair exchange protocols effectively and efficiently, the model puts forward a novel property of abuse-freeness which applies to all fair exchange protocols, gives a formal definition for trust strand of the third party, and presents general criteria of designing a secure and effective fair exchange protocol. Taking a typical fair exchange protocol as an example, this paper presents the analysis steps of fair exchange protocols appealing to our model. An unknown attack is uncovered. The analysis reveals the process of a complete attack, discovering deeper reasons for causing an attack. Finally, we modify the flawed protocol and the revised protocol ensures the desirable properties.

关键词： events local causal relation local temporal relation global relation exchanged item security goals.

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Expression of MRP14 gene is frequently down-regulated in Chinese human esophageal cancer

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Cell Research 2004年第1期14卷 46-53页

作者： Jie WANG~(1*), Yan CAI~(1*), Hao XU~1, Jun ZHAO~2, Xin XU~1, Ya Ling HAN~1, Zhi Xiong XU~1, Bao Sheng CHEN~1, Hai HU~1, Min WU~1, Ming Rong WANG~(1**) ~1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese academy of Medical sciences, Peking University of Medical School, Beijing 100021, China. ~2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese academy of Medical sciences, Peking University of Medical School, Beijing 100021, China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 2Department of Thoracic Surgery Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China. 1National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute (Hospital) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking University of Medical School Beijing 100021 China.

Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14 (MRP14) is one of calcium-binding proteins, referred as S100A9. The heterodimeric molecule formed by MRP14 with its partner MRP8 (S100A8) is the major fatty acid carrier in neutrophils. The MRP8/14 complex has been also implicated in the intracellular transport of arachidonic acid and its precursors in keratinocytes. We show here the involvement of MRP14 in human esophageal cancer. In an initial study, mRNA differential display-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was performed with two esophageal carcinomas, one esophageal adenocarcinoma and matched normal adjacent mucosa. DD-PCR with the arbitrary primer OPA3 showed that one cDNA band was highly expressed in normal tissues, but disappeared or substantially decreased in tumor counterparts. It was later identified to be the 3’-end of migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14 (MRP14). Northern blotting, RT-PCR and Western blotting corroborated the down-regulation of MRP14 in 58/64 sq

关键词： esophagus carcinoma MRP14 S100A9.

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PARTICLE METHODS FOR COMPLEX FLOWS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ——THE PSEUDO-PARTICLE APPROACH

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Particuology 2005年第Z1期 58-59页

作者： Wei GE and Jinghai LI Multi-Phase Reaction Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China

The multi-scale structures of complex flows in chemical engineering have been great challenges to the design and scaling of such systems, and multi-scale modeling is the natural way in response. Particle methods (PMs) are ideal constituents and powerful tools of multi-scale models, owing to their physical fidelity and computational simplicity. Especially, pseudo-particle modeling (PPM, Ge & Li, 1996; Ge & Li, 2003) is most suitable for molecular scale flow prediction and exploration of the origin of multi-scale structures; macro-scale PPM (MaPPM, Ge & Li, 2001) and similar models are advantageous for meso-scale simulations of flows with complex and dynamic discontinuity, while the lattice Boltzmann model is more competent for homogeneous media in complex geometries; and meso-scale methods such as dissipative particle dynamics are unique tools for complex fluids of uncertain properties or flows with strong thermal fluctuations. All these methods are favorable for seamless interconnection of models for different scales. However, as PMs are not originally designed as either tools for complexity or constituents of multi-scale models, further improvements are expected. PPM is proposed for microscopic simulation of particle-fluid systems as a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) and direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC). The collision dynamics in PPM is identical to that of hard-sphere MD, so that mass, momentum and energy are conserved to machine accuracy. However, the collision detection procedure, which is most time-consuming and difficult to be parallelized for hard-sphere MD, has been greatly simplified to a procedure identical to that of soft-sphere MD. Actually, the physical model behind such a treatment is essentially different from MD and is more similar to DSMC, but an intrinsic difference is that in DSMC the collisions follow designed statistical rules that are reflection of the real physical processes only in very limited cases such as dilute gas. PPM is idea

关键词： multi-scale method particle method pseudo-particle modeling multi-phase flow

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COALESCENCE INDUCED GRADIENT MORPHOLOGY NEAR A WALL IN PHASE SEPARATED POLYMER BLENDS DURING QUIESCENT ANNEALING

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2002年第6期20卷 543-550页

作者： Wei Yu Chi-xing Zhou De-lu Zhao Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100080, China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Polymer Sci & Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Chem State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

A fast coalescence mechanism is proposed to account for the wall effect on the formation of gradient morphology in phase separated polymer blends during quiescent annealing. The existence of solid wall with high polarity is believed to change the potential field around the dispersed particles near the wall. This additional potential interaction between the solid wall and the dispersed particles causes faster coalescence of the dispersed particles near the wall than in the bulk. The gradient phase morphology thus formed can be predicted by combining the wall-particle interaction and the touch-coalescence mechanism. The effect of interfacial tension on the gradient morphology is also discussed.

关键词： gradient morphology wall effect coalescence polymer blends interfacial tension

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Two tyrosines in CD3ε-ITAM are required to induce T lymphocyte apoptosis

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第17期43卷 1480-1485页

作者： ZHENG Dexian 1,2, HE Yiping+1, LIU Yanxin+1, ZHENG Yong,XIAO Sheng+1, LIU Yin+1 and LIU Shilian+1 1. State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical sciences, Chinese academy of Medical sciences, Beijing 100005, China State Key Lab. of Med. Molec. Biol. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100005 China State Key Lab. of Exp. Hematology Institute of Hematology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin 300020 China

CD3ε of T cell antigen receptor complex (TCR/CD3) plays an important role in the resembling of the complex and activation signaling through its conservative immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in the cytoplasmic tail. Previous study showed that a chimera molecule, consisting of the extracellular-transmembrane domain of human CD8α fused to the cytoplasmic domain of CD3ε, induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes, indicating that apoptotic signals were transduced through the CD3ε- ITAM. To elineate involvement of the two tyrosines in apoptotic signaling pathway, cDNAs with mutations at Y170F, Y181F and Y170F/Y181F in CD8-ε-ITAM were made by point mutation and PCR, and then cloned into pcDNA3 eukaryotic expression vectors. Stable expression cell lines were established after transfection of the expression vectors into CD8+- Jurkat T lymphocytes. Stimulation of these cell lines with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody showed that only the cells with expression of wild type chimera CD8-ε died by apoptosis, but not those cells with expressions of mutated CD8-ε chimera, indicating that the two tyrosines in CD3ε-ITAM were required for the apoptotic signal transduction in T lymphocytes.

关键词： apoptosis CD3ε-ITAM tyrosine.

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MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN FETAL LUNG FIBROBLASTS INDUCED BY NITROSAMINE COMPOUNDS IN VITRO

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Science in China,Ser.B 1986年第11期29卷 1192-1200页

作者：黄明王志华王秀琴吴旻 Cancer Institute Chinese academy of Medical sciences Beijing

This report, for the first time, demonstrates that diethyl-nitrosamine (NDEA) and a new nitrosamine compound-N-l-methylacetonyl-N-3-methylbutyl-nitrosamine (MAMBNA), which are suspicious carcinogens of esophageal cancer (EC) in Linxian, Henan Province, are able to cause the malignant transformation (altered morphology, extended life span, anchorage independent growth, invasiveness, tumorigenicity, etc.) of normal diploid fibroblasts derived from human fetal lung. Besides, the preselection for clonogenic cells, which seem to be more readily to be transformed, in soft agar before carcinogen treatment, could be considered as one of the useful ways in establishment of a model system of malignant transformation of human fibroblasts in vitro.

关键词： MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN FETAL LUNG FIBROBLASTS INDUCED BY NITROSAMINE COMPOUNDS IN VITRO CES NDEA

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Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Along the Altitudinal Gradient in Changbai Mountain,China

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 615-620页

作者： ZHANG Min ZHANG Xiao-Ke LIANG Wen-Ju JIANG Yong DAI Guan-Hua WANG Xu-Gao HAN Shi-Jie State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110164 (China) Vegetable Research Institute Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang 110161 (China) Graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

Understanding the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC) fractions to altitudinal gradient variation is important for understanding changes in the carbon balance of forest *** our study the SOC and its fractions of readily oxidizable carbon(ROC),water-soluble carbon(WSC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC) in the soil organic and mineral horizons were investigated for four typical forest types,including mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest(MCB),dark coniferous spruce-fir forest(DCSF),dark coniferous spruce forest(DCS),and Ermans birch forest(EB),along an altitudinal gradient in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in Northeast *** results showed that there was no obvious altitudinal pattern in the *** variation trends of SOC with altitude were observed between the organic and mineral *** differences in the contents of SOC,WSC,MBC and ROC were found among the four forest types and between *** contents of ROC in the mineral horizon,WSC in the organic horizon and MBC in both horizons in the MCB and EB forests were significantly greater than those in either DCSF or DCS *** proportion of soil WSC to SOC was the lowest among the three main *** contents of WSC,MBC and ROC were significantly correlated(P < 0.05) with SOC *** can be concluded that vegetation types and climate were crucial factors in regulating the distribution of soil organic carbon fractions in Changbai Mountain.

关键词： active carbon fractions altitude forest ecosystem Northeast China vegetation type

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The electromagnetic Casimir effect of spherical cavity

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2003年第2期14卷 104-106页

作者： HAN Jia-Guang, YU Li-Ping, WANG Zhen-Xia, ZHU Zhi-Yuan (Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, the Chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 201800) Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research the Chinese Academy of Sciences 上海 201800

The Casimir effect results from the zero-point energy of vacuum. A spherical cavity can be divided into three regions, and we make an analysis of every region and then give a formal solution of Casimir energy. The zeta-function regularization is also used to dispel the divergence of the summation. At the end, we can see the Casimir effect of a single sphere is included in our results.

关键词：球形穴电磁Casimir效应零点能 zeta函数

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The Absolute Proper Motion of M3 and Its Galactic Orbit

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天文研究与技术 1999年第S1期 328-332页

作者： Wu Zhenyu, Wang jiaji ( Shanghai Observatory, The Chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 200030, China )

We have obtained the absolute proper motion of globular cluster M3 from measurements of 14 plates taken with the 40cm refractor at Sheshan station of Shanghai observatory, spanning epoch is about 80 years. The positions and absolute proper motions of 24 stars in ACT catalogue are used as the reference frame. The reduction was made with the central overlapping principle. The absolute proper motions of 534 stars in the region of about 1° 5×1° 5 around the cluster M3 are determined. With the new data of proper motions, the membership probabilities of the stars are determined. The mean absolute proper motions for the cluster of -0 3±0 3 mas/yr in R.A. and -3 1±0 3 mas/yr in Dec. were *** our results with the known distance and radial velocity of the cluster, we obtained its space motions and Galactic orbits in two different three component Galactic potentials.

关键词： The Absolute Proper Motion of M3 and Its Galactic Orbit

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Admissible Switched Control of Singular Systems

Admissible Switched Control of Singular Systems

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第二十三届中国控制会议

作者： Meng Bin Zhang Ji-Feng (academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing, 100080)

本文研究了奇异系统的容许切换控制问题.通过设计状态反馈增益矩阵和切换律,给出了能够保证闭环系统容许性（即正则、稳定、无脉冲）和状态连续性的镇定控制.将常规（即非奇异）切换系统的镇定控制从两个子系统的情况[10]推广到了任意... 详细信息

本文研究了奇异系统的容许切换控制问题.通过设计状态反馈增益矩阵和切换律,给出了能够保证闭环系统容许性（即正则、稳定、无脉冲）和状态连续性的镇定控制.将常规（即非奇异）切换系统的镇定控制从两个子系统的情况[10]推广到了任意有限多个子系统的情况.

关键词：切换控制切换奇异系统切换律容许性

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