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Fortification Challenges and Needs

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2001年第1期14卷 98-103页

作者： RODOLFO F. FLORENTINO President Philippine Association of Nutrition Philippines

Experience in many parts of the developing world has shown that food fortification offers a cost_effective and sustainable solution to the problem of micronutrient malnutrition. Building on the advances in science and technology and backed by studies on the economic benefits of fortification programs, governments and industry are beginning to respond positively to the call of nutrition advocates to adopt fortification as a long_term strategy. On the other hand, formidable challenges still remain in many countries in Asia, constraining the widespread adoption of this strategy. The science and technology community needs to provide adequate scientific and technological information as basis for planning and decision making. The government faces the challenge of providing the enabling environment for all stakeholders to cooperate in the fortification effort. Industry faces the challenge of adapting its production system to the requirements of fortification in order that they can contribute to social objectives while pursuing their economic objectives. The international and bilateral aid agencies need to seek tried and innovative ways to support the multiple players of food fortification, as these players in turn face the challenges that confront them.

关键词： science and technology production system economic benefits decision making in order

The Agricultural-Industrial Partnership for Eliminating Micronutrient Malnutrition: The Investment Bargain of the Decade

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2001年第1期14卷 104-123页

作者： JOSEPH MICHAEL HUNT Senior Health and nutrition Economist Asian Development Bank Manila Philippines

The limitations of conventional approaches to eliminating micronutrient deficiencies drives the search for a sustainable paradigm. This manuscript argues that the public and private sectors must embark on modernization of the Asian food industry and reorientation of the international agricultural research complex so that nutritionally enriched essential foods will be affordable and accessible to the poor. It is recommended that this partnership take special care of the needs of Asian children. The costs of chronic undernutrition, availability of cost effective strategies, and benefits of sustained nutrition improvement to individuals, families and nations are reviewed. The roles of food fortification, plant breeding and biotechnology, both actual and imminent, are described. The paper concludes that a recast Green Revolution directed to dietary quality may be the key to enhancing the learning and earning capacity of young Asians of the new millenium. “No other technology offers as large an opportunity to improve lives\{…\}at such a low cost and in such a short time\{…\}” World Bank [1] .

关键词： PRODUCTIVITY DEFICIENCY

Practical Approaches to Risk Assessment

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2001年第1期14卷 14-20页

作者： SIMON BROOKE-TAYLOR AustraliaNewZealandfoodAuthority

he importance of using risk assessment in developing food regulations is growing with the globalization of our food supply. The World Trade Organization has entrenched the principles of science based risk assessment in the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. The relevant international organization for food standards, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, recognises risk analysis, and its component parts risk assessment, risk management and risk communication, as the basis for scientific decision making. Risk assessment comprises two activities: hazard evaluation; and exposure estimation. A hazard may be chemical, microbiological or nutritional in origin. The practical application of risk assessment in Australia is illustrated in this presentation by four examples involving: (1) food additives, (2) microbiological safety of imported raw milk cheeses, (3) genetically modified foods and (4) imported food inspection.

关键词： risk assessment World Trade Organization practical application risk communication food inspection risk analysis principles of food supply raw milk

Combating Micronutrient Deficiencies—An Important Component of Poverty Reduction

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2001年第1期14卷 92-97页

作者： MARTIN W. BLOEM REGINA MOENCH-PFANNER LYNNDA KIESS Helen Keller international Regional Office Asia Pacific Helen Keller International Regional Office Asia Pacific Helen Keller International Regional Office Asia Pacific

In the late 1990s, the international development banks and the international Monetary Fund (IMF) convened to outline seven international Development Goals (IDGs) to reduce poverty by 2015. These goals incorporated both the economic and social dimensions of poverty. A two thirds reduction of child mortality and a three fourths reduction of maternal mortality from rates in 1990 by 2015 are two of these seven IDGs. There is a need for better combinations of cost effective strategies to reach these challenging goals by the year 2015. This paper discusses the potential usefulness of micronutrient deficiency control programs for this purpose.

关键词： IRON-DEFICIENCY PREGNANCY

Emerging food-borne Pathogens

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2001年第1期14卷 44-52页

作者： JRGEN SCHLUNDT Programme of food Safety

The epidemiology of foodborne diseases is changing. While in many developing nations the efficient treatment of diarrhoeal diseases through oral rehydration has probably led to the prevention of many food related deaths, the underlying problems have not been solved. In these countries, the disease incidence of food_and waterborne disease is still increasing, and now data from other parts of the world indicate that new foodborne pathogens have emerged as important public health problems. Over the last two decades, bacterial infections caused by Campylobacter and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli have emerged, well_recognized pathogens, such as Salmonella enteritidis, have increased dramatically in disease incidence and important foodborne pathogens have become increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. The future strategy for prevention of foodborne disease should be founded in scientifically based evaluations of the whole food production chain ‘from farm to table’, including a description of the most important (risk) factors. Epidemiological studies of outbreaks as well as sporadic cases should be aimed at a better understanding of these factors. In terms of public health importance of the problem, the focus should be on the size of the problem, and the potential for improvement. The indications are that both in developed and developing countries there is significant potential for an improvement of the situation. With this aim in mind, international effort should focus on scientific assessments of the potential for risk reduction under different regional conditions.

关键词： foodBORNE DISEASES EPIDEMIOLOGY SURVEILLANCE VIBRIO

Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Key Elements for Success, Constraints and Future Plans

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2001年第1期14卷 87-91页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition

A workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: d

关键词： Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition Constraints and Future Plans Key Elements for Success Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region

Simulation approach for optimal design of vacuum cooling on broccoli by simulated annealing technique

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international Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第5期7卷 111-115页

作者： Ding Tian W.A.L.Alves S.A.Araujo J.C.C.Santana Ling Jiangang Chen Jianchu Liu Donghong Department of food Science and nutrition School of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Industrial Engineering Post Graduation Program Nine July University05001-100São PauloBrazil Ningbo Academy of Agricultural sciences Ningbo 315040P.R.China Fuli Institute of food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China

Water-spraying is regarded as an effective method to reduce the weight loss of product during vacuum cooling *** study aimed to investigate the effect of vacuum cooling factors on the weight loss of postharvest broccoli,and attempted to optimize the treatment conditions by simulated annealing(SA)*** algorithm based on simulated annealing meta-heuristic technique was developed to identify the optimum condition for vacuum cooling treatment of *** demonstrated that the SA algorithm could adjust well with the simulation of the broccoli cooling *** best condition was at 200 Pa of pressure,274 g broccoli,6% of water volume and 40 min processing *** this condition,a product with only 0.35% of weight loss and 1.48℃ final temperature was *** developed method may help to effectively control the weight loss during vacuum cooling process and reducing the economic loss.

关键词： broccoli vacuum cooling simulated annealing optimization

Current status of research on aquaculture genetics and genomicsinformation from ISGA 2018

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2019年第2期4卷 43-47页

作者： Yubang Shen Genhua Yue Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of EducationShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China Molecular Population Genetics Group Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory1 Research LinkNational University of SingaporeSingapore117604Republic of Singapore Department of Biological sciences National University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Republic of Singapore School of Biological sciences Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang DriveSingapore637551Republic of Singapore

The ISGA(international Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture)is an important conference in the field of aquaculture genetics,which is held every three *** year,the meeting was hosted by James Cook University,in *** conference sessions included biotechnology and functional genomics,sex control,genomic prediction,selective breeding and quantitative genetics,industrial use of genetics,genome technology,genetics of diseases and stress,genetics of nutrition,epigenetics,genomics and metabolomes,population genetics and ethics,food safety,as well as environmental *** new and interesting unpublished data,including those for new aquaculture species,marker-assisted selection,genomic selection and genome editing using Crispr/Cas9 technologies,were reported at the *** this brief review,we highlight the novel and interesting researches on aquaculture genetics and genomics to give readers an overview of the current status and trends of aquaculture genetics and genomics research.

关键词： ISGA2018 Aquaculture MAS GS Phenomics

Oxidative stress-elevated high gamma glutamyl transferase levels, and aging, intake of tropical food plants, migration and visual disability in Central Africans

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international Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2012年第4期5卷 493-498页

作者： Benjamin Longo-Mbenza Mose Mvitu Muaka Etienne Mokondjimobe Dalida Kibokela Ndembe Doris Tulomba Mona Baudouin Buassabu-bu-Tsumbu Faculty of Health sciences Walter Sisulu UniversityMthatha 5117 Eastern Cape South Africa Department of Ophthalmology University of KinshasaKinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health sciences University of Marien NgouabiBrazzaville Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Neuropsychiatry University of KinshasaKinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Biostatistics Unit Lomo Medical Center and Heart of Africa Center of CardiologyKinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Basic sciences Division of Biochemistry University of KinshasaKinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

·AIM:To investigate the independent pathogenic role of high serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, sociodemographic data, dietary and environmental risk factors for visual disability (VD). ·METHODS:This was a case-control study, run in 200 black Congolese patients managed in Saint Joseph Hospital Ophthalmology Division from Kinshasa town. Logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of VD (n = 58) among sex, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, rural-urban migration, education levels, aging ≥60 years, intake of red Beans, Safou fruit and Taro leaves, lipid profile, residence, socioeconomic status, and GGT. ·RESULTS:After adjusting for confounding factors, we identified migration (OR=3.7 95% CI:1.2-11.3; P =0.023), low education level (OR=3.1 95% CI 1.1-8.5; P =0.026), no intake of Safou fruit (OR=34.2 95% CI 11.5-102; P nutrition education, and blocking of oxidative stress.

关键词： oxidative stress serum gamma-glutamyl transferase intake of tropical food plants aging vision loss