Regenerative medicine of pancreatic islets

作     者：Irina V Arutyunyan Timur Kh Fatkhudinov Andrey V Makarov Andrey V Elchaninov Gennady T Sukhikh 

作者机构：National Medical Research Center for ObstetricsGynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I.Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian FederationMoscow 117997Russia Research Institute of Human MorphologyMoscow 117418Russia Peoples Friendship University of RussiaMoscow 117198Russia Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMinistry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationMoscow 117997Russi 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 (世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2020年第26卷第22期

页      面：2948-2966页

核心收录：

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100201[医学-内科学(含：心血管病、血液病、呼吸系病、消化系病、内分泌与代谢病、肾病、风湿病、传染病)] 10[医学] 

基　　金：Supported by the President Grant for Government Support of Young Russian Scientists No.075-15-2019-1120 

主　　题：Pancreas Islets of langerhans β-cells Regeneration Replacement Transplantation Reprogramming 

摘      要：The pancreas became one of the first objects of regenerative medicine,since other possibilities of dealing with the pancreatic endocrine insufficiency were clearly *** number of people living with diabetes mellitus is currently approaching half a billion,hence the crucial relevance of new methods to stimulate regeneration of the insulin-secretingβ-cells of the islets of *** restrictions on the islet regeneration are very tight;nevertheless,the islets are capable of physiological regeneration viaβ-cell self-replication,direct differentiation of multipotent progenitor cells and spontaneousα-toβ-orδ-toβ-cell conversion(trans-differentiation).The existing preclinical models ofβ-cell dysfunction or ablation(induced surgically,chemically or genetically)have significantly expanded our understanding of reparative regeneration of the islets and possible ways of its *** ultimate goal,sufficient level of functional activity ofβ-cells or their substitutes can be achieved by two prospective broad strategies:β-cell replacement andβ-cell ***“regenerationstrategy aims to maintain a preserved population ofβ-cells through in situ exposure to biologically active substances that improveβ-cell survival,replication and insulin secretion,or to evoke the intrinsic adaptive mechanisms triggering the spontaneous non-β-toβ-cell ***“replacementstrategy implies transplantation ofβ-cells(as non-disintegrated pancreatic material or isolated donor islets)orβ-like cells obtained ex vivo from progenitors or mature somatic cells(for example,hepatocytes orα-cells)under the action of small-molecule inducers or by genetic *** believe that the huge volume of experimental and clinical studies will finally allow a safe and effective solution to a seemingly simple goal-restoration of the functionally activeβ-cells,the innermost hope of millions of people globally.