The Early Stage of the Professionalization and Institutionalization of Mathematics in Late Nineteenth-Century China

作     者：Tian Miao 田淼

作者机构：Institute for the History of Natural SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China 

出 版 物：《Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology》 (中国科学技术史（英文）)

年 卷 期：2018年第2卷第1期

页      面：1-33页

学科分类：07[理学] 0701[理学-数学] 070101[理学-基础数学] 

基　　金：Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Tsinghua University, THU 

主　　题：professionalization of mathematician mathematics education late nineteenth century 

摘      要：In the late nineteenth century,stimulated by the demand for modern military technology,mathematics research and education in China developed rapidly,resulting in the emergence of the first generation of professional *** marks the starting point for the professionalization of mathematics in China,a process which this paper sets out to *** author first provides a brief survey of the status of Chinese mathematicians prior to ***,the paper analyzes the social and political context of mathematics,focusing on the improvement of the civil service examination ***,the paper studies the development of mathematics education in the late nineteenth century,leading to the conclusion that mathematics and Chinese mathematicians were professionalized in three major ways:(1)some mathematicians could earn a stable livelihood from their mathematical competence;(2)the social position of mathematicians improved;and(3)the social status of the specialty of mathematics was enhanced.