Four Cousins with Hypospadias, Is It Familial or Environmental? (Case Report)

作     者：Mohamed Elsayed Mohamed Mohamed Mina Senada Mohamed Ahmed Hassan Yousef Abdalazeem 

作者机构：Plastic Surgery Department Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital Cairo Egypt 

出 版 物：《Modern Plastic Surgery》 (现代整形外科（英文）)

年 卷 期：2019年第9卷第3期

页      面：59-63页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Hypospadias Familial Environmental Snodgrass Repair 

摘      要：Hypospadias is one of the most common birth defects. However, its etiology remains largely unknown. Genetic and also intrauterine environmental factors have a principal role in causing familial hypospadias. Hypospadias repair is done through several techniques, one of which is Snodgrass technique which has many advantages. The 4 cousins underwent repair with no complications during 6 months follow up period. Methods: Urethroplasty using Snodgrass hypospadias repair of 4 cousins with positive parental consanguinity and absent family history of hypospadias. Results: 4 cousins underwent Snodgrass (Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty) with no complications after 6 months follow up. Conclusion: Although there is high heritability of hypospadias that also aggregates within second- and third-degree relatives, environmental factors may play a principal role in causing familial hypospadias. Hypospadias repair has a long learning curve. The continuous auditing should be done to improve the results.