Space-Time Properties as Quantum Effects. Restrictions Imposed by Grothendieck’s Scheme Theory

作     者：Leonid Lutsev 

作者机构：Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia 

出 版 物：《Journal of Modern Physics》 (现代物理（英文）)

年 卷 期：2019年第10卷第7期

页      面：795-823页

学科分类：07[理学] 0701[理学-数学] 070101[理学-基础数学] 

主　　题：Space-Time Properties Quantum Field Arrow of Time Chirality Algebra of Distributions Symmetry Violation 

摘      要：In this paper we consider properties of the four-dimensional space-time manifold M caused by the proposition that, according to the scheme theory, the manifold M is locally isomorphic to the spectrum of the algebra A, M ≅Spec (A), where A is the commutative algebra of distributions of quantum-field densities. Points of the manifold M are defined as maximal ideals of density distributions. In order to determine the algebra A, it is necessary to define multiplication on densities and to eliminate those densities, which cannot be multiplied. This leads to essential restrictions imposed on densities and on space-time properties. It is found that the only possible case, when the commutative algebra A exists, is the case, when the quantum fields are in the space-time manifold M with the structure group SO (3, 1) (Lorentz group). The algebra A consists of distributions of densities with singularities in the closed future light cone subset. On account of the local isomorphism M ≅Spec (A) , the quantum fields exist only in the space-time manifold with the one-dimensional arrow of time. In the fermion sector the restrictions caused by the possibility to define the multiplication on the densities of spinor fields can explain the chirality violation. It is found that for bosons in the Higgs sector the charge conjugation symmetry violation on the densities of states can be observed. This symmetry violation can explain the matter-antimatter imbalance. It is found that in theoretical models with non-abelian gauge fields instanton distributions are impossible and tunneling effects between different topological vacua | n do not occur. Diagram expansion with respect to the -algebra variables is considered.