Extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases

作     者：Alisa A.Shaimardanova Valeriya V.Solovyeva Daria S.Chulpanova Victoria James Kristina V.Kitaeva Albert A.Rizvanov Alisa A. Shaimardanova;Valeriya V. Solovyeva;Daria S. Chulpanova;Victoria James;Kristina V. Kitaeva;Albert A. Rizvanov

作者机构：Institute of Fundamental Medicine and BiologyKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryThe Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLeicestershireUK 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2020年第15卷第4期

页      面：586-596页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：financially supported by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University supported by state assignment 20.5175.2017/6.7 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation the President of the Russian Federation grant НШ-3076.2018.4 

主　　题：biomarkers cell-mediated therapy central nervous system diseases diagnosis exosomes extracellular RNAs extracellular vesicles microRNAs microvesicles neurodegenerative diseases 

摘      要：Extracellular vesicles,including exosomes and microvesicles,play a fundamental role in the activity of the nervous system,participating in signal transmission between neurons and providing the interaction of central nervous system with all body systems.In many neurodegenerative diseases,neurons pack toxic substances into vesicles and release them into the extracellular space,which leads to the spread of misfolded neurotoxic proteins.The contents of neuron-derived extracellular vesicles may indicate pathological changes in the central nervous system,and the analysis of extracellular vesicle molecular content contributes to the development of non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of many central nervous system diseases.Extracellular vesicles of neuronal origin can be isolated from various biological fluids due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.Today,the diagnostic potential of almost all toxic proteins involved in nervous system disease pathogenesis,specificallyα-synuclein,tau protein,superoxide dismutase 1,FUS,leucine-rich repeat kinase 2,as well as some synaptic proteins,has been well evidenced.Special attention is paid to extracellular RNAs mostly associated with extracellular vesicles,which are important in the onset and development of many neurodegenerative diseases.Depending on parental cell type,extracellular vesicles may have different therapeutic properties,including neuroprotective,regenerative,and anti-inflammatory.Due to nano size,biosafety,ability to cross the blood-brain barrier,possibility of targeted delivery and the lack of an immune response,extracellular vesicles are a promising vehicle for the delivery of therapeutic substances for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and drug delivery to the brain.This review describes modern approaches of diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases using extracellular vesicles.