Colonoscopy,pain and fears:Is it an indissoluble trinomial?

作     者：Lucio Trevisani Angelo Zelante Sergio Sartori 

作者机构：Digestive Endoscopy UnitDepartment of MedicineUniversity Hospital"S. Anna"44124 Cona(FE)Italy 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy》 (世界胃肠内镜杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2014年第6卷第6期

页      面：227-233页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100201[医学-内科学(含：心血管病、血液病、呼吸系病、消化系病、内分泌与代谢病、肾病、风湿病、传染病)] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Colonoscopy Pain Fear Anxiety Discomfort Conscious sedation 

摘      要：Colonoscopy is the reference method in the secondary prevention,diagnosis and,in some cases,treatment of colorectal *** can often cause pain associated with embarrassment,anxiety,and physical and emotional *** intensity is influenced by a lot of factors,and there is a strict relationship among pain,pain perception,and *** methods can be used to break the trinomial colonoscopy,pain and *** is recommended by several *** no sedation is offered,the patient must accept a higher chance of unacceptable discomfort and the endoscopist a lower chance of completing the procedure because of patient *** non-pharmacologic methods such as acupuncture,music,and hydrocolonoscopy can be used as alternatives to pharmacologic ***,new endoscopic technologies such as variable-stiffness colonoscopes and ultrathin colonoscopes,or the use of carbon dioxide instead of air for colon insufflation,can reduce the pain caused by *** the future,technical improvements such as wireless capsules or robotic probes,will probably enable to overcome the present concept of colonoscopy,avoiding the use of traditional ***,at present the poor attention paid by endoscopists to the pain and discomfort caused by colonoscopy can not be *** are several methods to reduce pain and anxiety and to break the trinomial colonoscopy,pain and *** must use them.