No-till and conservation agriculture in the United States:An example from the David Brandt farm,Carroll,Ohio

作     者：R.Islam R.Reeder 

作者机构：SoilWater and Bioenergy ResourcesOhio State University South CentersOH Agricultural and Biological Engineering Dept.Ohio State University 

出 版 物：《International Soil and Water Conservation Research》 (国际水土保持研究（英文）)

年 卷 期：2014年第2卷第1期

页      面：97-107页

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0818[工学-地质资源与地质工程] 09[农学] 0903[农学-农业资源与环境] 0815[工学-水利工程] 0901[农学-作物学] 0833[工学-城乡规划学] 0713[理学-生态学] 0834[工学-风景园林学（可授工学、农学学位）] 090301[农学-土壤学] 

主　　题：Innovation Eco-farming Corn Soybeans Wheat Cover crops Carbon sequestration Soil organic matter Agroecosystems Carbon management index Farm bill Government policy 

摘      要：No-till(NT)farming(conservation agriculture)began in the US in the *** state of Ohio has a university research location that began no-till research in 1962.A few innovative Ohio farmers,including NT pioneers David Brandt and Bill Richards,were early adopters of the new conservation ***,no-till was most successful on sloping,well drained soils,then with improvements to the system,including cover crops,it became more widely adopted on all soil *** Brandt was an enthusiastic learner and teacher of no-till practices,working with chemical company representatives and Cooperative Extension Specialists to demonstrate the *** Brandt’s cooperation with Ohio State University researchers continues to provide a valuable site for studying the long term changes in soil health and ecosystem *** showed that total microbial biomass as one of the soil biological health indicators significantly increased with an associated decrease in carbon(C)loss under NT compared with conventional tilled soil(CT).Under NT,there was significantly higher total C and total N compared to *** C,as a composite measure of soil health,significantly increased with *** cover crops,especially cover crop cocktail mixes,were used,NT substantially improved soil ***-term NT with cover crop cocktail mixes significantly increased the soil aggregate stability,compared with *** overall rate of C sequestration by NT suggested that the soils on the Brandt farm act as a consistent sink of atmospheric CO2 although this tends to level off after about 20 *** Brandt farm showed that crop yields are increased under long-term NT with cover crops *** suggested that starting with a cover crop when switching from CT to NT,is more likely to ensure success and to maintain economic crop *** early adopter,Bill Richards,from Circleville,Ohio,also became a national leader and promoter of no-till *** served as head of the United Sta