Supplementary Tutoring for Compulsory Education Students in China:Status and Trends

作     者：Haiping Xue Chenchen Fang 

作者机构：Institute of Educational Economics and ManagementCollege of EducationCapital Normal University Institute of Educational EconomicsDepartment of EducationBeijing Normal University 

出 版 物：《ECNU Review of Education》 (华东师大教育评论（英文）)

年 卷 期：2018年第1卷第3期

页      面：36-68页

学科分类：0502[文学-外国语言文学] 050201[文学-英语语言文学] 05[文学] 

基　　金：National Natural Science Foundation of China-“Family Capital,Shadow Education and Social Reproduction”Project(Project Approval Number:71774112) National Natural Science Foundation of China-“Facing the Shadow Education System:Research on Supplementary Tutoring in Compulsory Education in China”Project(Project Approval Number:71373165) 

主　　题：Compulsory education supplementary tutoring shadow education developmental trends 

摘      要：Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the current status of,and developmental trends affecting,the participation in supplementary tutoring by compulsory education students in ***/Approach/Methods-Based on the data from the China Family Panel Study(CFPS)conducted by the Peking University Institute of Social Science Survey in 2010,2012,2014,and 2016,the paper uses the method of multilevel linear model to comprehensively analyze problems involving a multilevel data ***-The paper finds that the proportion of compulsory education students participating in supplementary tutoring(and the expenditure on such tutoring)increased annually before declining in *** with higher socioeconomic status,higher school quality,and better academic performance have a higher tutoring participation rate and also spend more on *** in China’s three northeastern provinces and eastern coastal areas have higher participation rates in tutoring and higher tutoring ***/Value-Supplementary tutoring in China already has its own developmental patterns and trends;however,few scholars have empirically studied the developmental patterns and trends of supplementary tutoring in compulsory education based on longitudinal survey data.