Egg laying and incubation rhythm of the Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)at Lianhuashan,Gansu,China

作     者：Mei Shi Yun Fang Jin-ming Zhao Siegfried Klaus Yingxin Jiang Jon E.Swenson Yue-Hua Sun 

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Life ScienceHuaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei 235000China JenaGermany Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesBox 50031432 AsNorway 

出 版 物：《Avian Research》 (鸟类学研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2019年第10卷第3期

页      面：357-365页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 07[理学] 0905[农学-畜牧学] 0906[农学-兽医学] 09[农学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：supported by grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31520103903,31172099) CAS Innovation Program and Deutsche Forschungs-emeinschaft and World Pheasant Association 

主　　题：Body mass Chinese Grouse Environment temperature Incubation pattern Nest attentiveness 

摘      要：Background:Incubating birds must balance the conflict between thermal needs of the developing embryos and their self?maintenance needs for *** Chinese Grouse (Tetrastes sewerzowi) lives in high mountain conifer forests and faces energy stress,cold environment,and predation *** might adjust incubation rhythm to adapt to these constraints. Methods:Two methods were used to investigate egg laying and incubation pattern of the Chinese Grouse;25 nests were monitored by data loggers and 12 nests by infrared video cameras. Results:Female Chinese Grouses usually laid an egg every 2 *** incubation period was 28-31 days. Overall incubation constancy for Chinese Grouse was 93%. The females took 5.0 recesses per day and 34% of all 1696 recesses were taken in the crepuscular period. The average recess duration was 20.3 min. Females took more and shorter recesses in the latter part of *** females who allocated more time to foraging had a higher reproductive success. Conclusions:Probably due to its high egg/body mass ratio,the Chinese Grouse has a long laying interval of 49 h. We suggest that,due to energy stress,females have relatively more recesses and they increase the number of recesses as incubation *** compensate for the embryos thermal needs, they extend the incubation period and shorten the recess duration in this cold environment.