Species diversification and phylogeographical patterns of birds in response to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Quaternary glaciations

作     者：Fumin LEI Yanhua QU Gang SONG 

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China 

出 版 物：《Current Zoology》 (动物学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2014年第60卷第2期

页      面：149-161页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 070904[理学-构造地质学] 0709[理学-地质学] 07[理学] 071002[理学-动物学] 

基　　金：grants from the Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project 中国科学院知识创新工程项目 国家自然科学基金 

主　　题：Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Comparative phylogeography Bird Pleistocene glaciations 

摘      要：The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） is well known for being of great importance in the evolution of montane species due to its unique geological history and landform configuration, climate complexity, and diversified habitats. The effect of environmental changes since the Quaternary on species diversification, population genetic structure, and demography under environmental change can be studied using phylogenetic and phylogeographieal approaches. Birds are the most well-studied group of all terrestrial vertebrates with regard to their response to climatic changes over time. Herein, we briefly review the species diversification of birds in response to the uplift of the QTP, focusing on summarizing the different phylogeographical patterns of birds on the Plateau, its southeastern margin, and the Eastern Himalayas and the reasons underlying these patterns. Speciation was found to be closely related to the uplift of the QTP, with different patterns of intraspecific processes： （1） no divergence within a single refuge was identified in a restricted semi-continuous area of the eastern margin of the Plateau; （2） two divergent lineages with separated refugia were located at the south-eastern and north-eastern margins of the plateau; and （3） multiple divergent lineages within subregions were found in the Eastern Himalayas. Glacial movements and induced climate change are considered to be key factors in shaping these different patterns. The species distributed mainly in the heavily ice-covered platform regions of the Plateau experienced population expansion following the retreat of the extensive glaciations, whereas the species distributed on the ice-free edges of the plateau maintained their population size at a stable level. Demographic stresses on the edge species might have been mitigated by the milder climate in comparison to their platform-distributed counterparts. Various behavioral and ecological characteristics, including dispersal capacity, habitat preference, and eleva