Effects of the combination of mask preconditioning with midazolam pretreatment on anxiety and mask acceptance during pediatric inhalational induction and postoperative mask fear in children

作     者：LAN Yun-ping HUANG Zhen-hua G. Allen Finley ZUO Yun-xia 

作者机构：Translational Medical Neuroscience Center and Department of Anesthesiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China Department of Anesthesia and Psychology IWK Health Centre Dalhousie University 5850 University Avenue Halifax NS B3K 6R8 Canada 

出 版 物：《Chinese Medical Journal》 (中华医学杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2012年第125卷第11期

页      面：1908-1914页

核心收录：

学科分类：0821[工学-纺织科学与工程] 1002[医学-临床医学] 08[工学] 09[农学] 0902[农学-园艺学] 082104[工学-服装设计与工程] 090201[农学-果树学] 

主　　题：mask acceptance, mask fear inhalational induction, child temperament, midazolam 

摘      要：Background Anxiety and fear frequently causes an aversion to applying a face mask and increases difficulty during pediatric induction. There is at present little study of this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination of mask preconditioning and midazolam pretreatment on mask acceptance during pediatric induction and on postoperative mask fear. Methods One hundred and sixty children were randomly assigned into four groups： the mask preconditioning group （MaG）, the midazolam pretreatment group （MiG）, the mask/midazolam combination group （Ma/MiG）, and the saline group （SAG）. The Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale （m-YPAS） was employed to assess the anxiety in the operation room （OR）. A Mask Acceptance Score （MAS） was measured during inhalational induction and the incidence of mask fear （MAS 〈2） was evaluated postoperatively. Results The MaG and Ma/MiG groups had the highest mask acceptance scores but there were no differences between these two groups （P 〈0.05）. The average anxiety level of children entering the OR was much lower in the MaG and Ma/MiG groups than in the SaG group （P 〈0.05）. During induction, the anxiety level increased in the SaG and MaG groups but decreased in the MiG and Ma/MiG groups （P 〈0.05）. At the postoperative third day, the incidence of mask fears was as high as 23% in the SaG group, 15% in the MiG group, but only 2.5% in the MaG and Ma/MiG groups. Conclusions The single use of mask preconditioning has a better influence than midazolam for increasing mask acceptance during inhalational induction and reducing postoperative mask fear, reducing the anxiety level during induction, improving induction compliance and shortening the total mask time. A mask preconditioning and midazolam combination did not increase mask acceptance during inhalational induction, reduce mask fears postoperatively, improve induction compliance, nor shorten the total mask time. But it can better reduce the anxiety lev