Diagnostic and therapeutic application of noncoding RNAs for hepatocellular carcinoma

作     者：Chikako Shibata Motoyuki Otsuka Takahiro Kishikawa Motoko Ohno Takeshi Yoshikawa Akemi Takata Kazuhiko Koike 

作者机构：Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-8655Japan Japan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTOKawaguchiSaitama 332-0012Japan 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Hepatology》 (世界肝病学杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2015年第7卷第1期

页      面：1-6页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：Supported by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,Japan,Nos.#25293076,#26860492,#25860520,and#24390183(to Otsuka M,Kishikawa T,Yoshikawa T and Koike K) by Health Sciences Research Grants of The Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare of Japan(to Koike K) by grants from the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology,Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research,and Honjo International Scholarship Foundation(to Otsuka M) by a grant from the Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation(to Ohno M) 

主　　题：MicroRNA Long noncoding RNA Hepatocellularcarcinoma Clinical trials Biomarker 

摘      要：Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) are small,noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally,targeting thousands of messenger RNAs. Long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs),another class of noncoding RNAs,have been determined to be also involved in transcription regulation and translation of target genes. Since deregulated expression levels or functions of miR NAs and lncR NAs in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) are frequently observed,clinical use of noncoding RNAs for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the management of HCCs is highly and emergently e xpe c t e d. H e r e,we s ummar iz e r e c e nt f indings regarding deregulated mi RNAs and lnc RNAs for their potential clinical use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of HCC. Specifically,we emphasize the deregulated expression levels of such noncoding RNAs in patients sera as noninvasive biomarkers,a field that requires urgent improvement in the clinical surveillance of HCC. Since nucleotide-based strategies are being applied to clinical therapeutics,we further summarize clinical and preclinical trials using oligonucleotides involving the use of miR NAs and small interfering RNAs against HCC as novel therapeutics. Finally,we discuss current open questions,which must be clarified in the near future for realistic clinical applications of these new strategies.