Endoscopy in screening for digestive cancer

作     者：René Lambert 

作者机构：World Health Organization International Agency for Research on CancerScreening Group 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy》 (世界胃肠内镜杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2012年第4卷第12期

页      面：518-525页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Esophagus Stomach Colon Adenoma Adenocarcinoma Endoscopy Screening 

摘      要：The aim of this study is to describe the role of endoscopy in detection and treatment of neoplastic lesions of the digestive mucosa in asymptomatic *** squamous cell cancer occurs in relation to nutritional deficiency and alcohol or tobacco *** adenocarcinoma develops in Barrett s esophagus,and stomach cancer in chronic gastric atrophy with Helicobacter pylori *** cancer is favoured by a high intake in calories,excess weight,low physical *** opportunistic or individual screening endoscopy is the primary detection procedure offered to an asymptomatic *** organized or mass screening proposed by National Health Authorities to a population,endoscopy is performed only in persons found positive to a filter selection *** indications of primary upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy in opportunistic screening are increasingly developing over the *** screening trials are proposed in some regions of China at high risk for esophageal cancer;the selection test is cytology of a balloon or sponge scrapping;they are proposed in Japan for stomach cancer with photofluorography as a selection test;and in Europe,America and Japan;for colorectal cancer with the fecal occult blood test as a selection *** screening trials in a country require an evaluation:the benefit of the intervention assessed by its impact on incidence and on the 5 year survival for the concerned tumor site;in addition a number of bias interfering with the evaluation have to be *** of screening are in the morbidity of the diagnostic and treatment procedures and in overdetection of none clinically relevant *** strategy of endoscopic screening applies to early cancer and to benign adenomatous precursors of *** endoscopy is conducted in 2 steps:at first detection of an abnormal area through changes in relief,in color or in the course of superficial capillaries;then cha