How Much Do Adjuvant and Nozzles Models Reduce the Spraying Drift? Drift in Agricultural Spraying

作     者：Fabiano Griesang Ricardo Augusto Decaro Cícero Antonio Mariano dos Santos Eduardo Souza Santos Nelson Henrique de Lima Roque Marcelo da Costa Ferreira 

作者机构：Nucleus of Study and Development at Technology of Application—NEDTASao Paulo State University(Unesp)School of Agricultural and Veterinarian SciencesJaboticabal CityBrazil 

出 版 物：《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 (美国植物学期刊（英文）)

年 卷 期：2017年第8卷第11期

页      面：2785-2794页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Droplet Size Uniformity of Droplets Span Volumetric Median Diameter Safe Application 

摘      要：The spraying of herbicides in crops has become the main form of weed control. Although it means unexpected effects on non-target plants resulted by spraying drift. Thus, improvements in application techniques, as the best selection of spray nozzles and adjuvant, are essential to avoid environmental contamination and economic losses. On this work, we evaluate how much adjuvant associated with nozzles can reduce the spray drift. The nozzles used at experiment were air induction flat tip, hollow cone and twinjet and the spray liquids, which were composed of herbicide glyphosate and phosphatidylcholine + propionic acid adjuvant. Measurements were made at wind tunnel and droplet sizer, at laser diffraction method. The models of nozzles influence in droplet size characteristics and in occurrence of spray drift. The use of adjuvants reduces the spray drift only combined with the twinjet nozzle, while for the other models the adjuvant did not reduce the global spray drift at significant levels. The adjuvant reduced the spray drift until 39%, while the nozzles model reduced until 74%. Both techniques when combined were able to reduce until 80%. The model of nozzle has the biggest result on drift mitigation and the use of adjuvants can increase the drift mitigation specially with nozzles that produces smallest droplets.