Hepatocellular carcinoma: Where are we?
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Where are we?作者机构：Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine School of Sciences of Human Health University of Florence
出 版 物：《World Journal of Experimental Medicine》 (世界实验医学杂志)
年 卷 期：2016年第6卷第1期
页 面：21-36页
学科分类：10[医学]
基 金：Fondazione Italiana per lo Studio del Fegato-Italian Liver Foundation Firenze via Banchi 6 50123 Italy
主 题：Hepatocellular carcinoma Treatment Liver cancer Epidemiology Liver transplantation Percutaneous ethanol injection Chemoembolization Chemotherapy Radiofrequency ablation
摘 要：Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second cause of death due to malignancy in the world, following lung cancer. The geographic distribution of this disease accompanies its principal risk factors: Chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, alcoholism, aflatoxin B1 intoxication, liver cirrhosis, and some genetic attributes. Recently, type Ⅱ diabetes has been shown to be a risk factor for HCC together with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although the risk factors are quite well known and it is possible to diagnose HCC when the tumor is less than 1 cm diameter, it remains elusive at the beginning and treatment is often unsuccessful. Liver transplantation is thus far considered the best treatment for HCC as it cures HCC and the underlying liver disease. Using the Milan criteria, overall survival after liver transplantation for HCC is about 70% after 5 years. Many attempts have been made to go beyond the Milan Criteria and according to recent works reasonably good results have been achieved by using a histochemical marker such as cytokeratine 19 and the so-called up to seven criteria to divide patients into categories according to their risk of relapse. In addition to liver transplantation other therapies have been proposed such as resection, tumor ablation by different means, embolization and chemotherapy. An important step in the treatment of advanced HCC has been the introduction of sorafenib, the first oral, systemic drug that has provided significant improvement in survival. Treatment of HCC patients must be multidisciplinary and by using the different approaches discussed in this review it is possible to offer prolonged survival and quite good and sometimes even excellent quality of life to many patients.
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