Concepts and challenges of alveolar ridge preservation and augmentation

作     者：Etiene de Andrade Munhoz Camila Lopes Cardoso Augusto Bodanezi Marina Barbosa Mello Renato Yassutaka Faria Yaedu Osny Ferreira Junior 

作者机构：Department of Dentistry Health Science Centre Federal University of Santa Catarina Department of Oral SurgeryUniversity of Sagrado Cora??o Department of Stomatology Radiology and Oral Surgery School of Dentistry University of S?o Paulo 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Stomatology》 (世界口腔医学杂志)

年 卷 期：2016年第5卷第1期

页      面：8-14页

学科分类：10[医学] 

主　　题：Alveolar ridge preservation Tooth extraction Bone substitute Bone regeneration 

摘      要：The loss of the post-extraction alveolar ridge vertical and horizontal volume constitutes an irreversible process and presents a considerable impact on the prosthetic rehabilitation, particularly when implantsupported. Therefore, alveolar ridge resorption has become a challenge in contemporary clinical dentistry and alveolar ridge preservation and augmentation are an interesting therapeutic approach. The employment of biomaterials, as a therapeutic alternative to preserve bone in height and volume, has been frequently studied over the years, due to its conceptual attractiveness and its simple technique. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss current methods to optimize the alveolar bone repair while maintaining its horizontal and vertical dimensions. This paper is based on scientific studies published in English including systematic reviews and also animal and human studies that were searched using the keywords alveolar ridge preservation, bone substitute, biomaterials, bone graft and grafting. Either autogenous bone as xenogenic and alloplastic materials, platelet rich plasma and use of membrane are alternatives. It becomes fundamental to understand that alveolar bone loss is still a clinical challenge and alveolar ridge preservation techniques can minimize, but not completely, eliminate the resorption process. The goal of alveolar ridge preservation and augmentation is to use a combination of bone or biomaterials to create bone which is sufficient for dental implant placement. Freeze-dried bone is generally recognized as giving more predictable treatment outcomes than synthetic materials or platelet rich plasma, and membranes must always be used to separate hard and soft tissues to promote optimal tissue healing.