Energy-and spectral-efficiency of zero-forcing beamforming in massive MIMO systems with imperfect reciprocity calibration: bound and optimization

作     者：Donglin LIU Fei WU Xin QUAN Wanzhi MA Ying LIU Shihai SHAO 

作者机构：National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on CommunicationsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China 

出 版 物：《Science China(Information Sciences)》 (中国科学:信息科学(英文版))

年 卷 期：2018年第61卷第12期

页      面：163-177页

核心收录：

学科分类：0810[工学-信息与通信工程] 08[工学] 081001[工学-通信与信息系统] 

基　　金：supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61531009, 61471108, 61771107, 61701075) the National Major Projects (Grant No. 2016ZX03001009) the Fund from the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201706070084) the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 

主　　题：massive MIMO ZF beamforming TDD reciprocity calibration spectral and energy efficiencies 

摘      要：In a time-division duplex(TDD) system with massive multiple input multiple output(MIMO),channel reciprocity calibration(RC) is generally required in order to cope with the reciprocity mismatch between the uplink and downlink channel state information. Currently, evaluating the achievable spectral efficiency(SE) and energy efficiency(EE) of TDD massive MIMO systems with imperfect RC(IRC) mainly relies on exhausting Monte Carlo simulations and it is infeasible to precisely and concisely quantify the achievable SE and EE with IRC. In this study, a novel method is presented for tightly bounding the achievable SE of massive MIMO systems with zero-forcing beamforming under IRC. On the basis of the analytical results, we demonstrate key insights for practical system design with IRC in three aspects: the scaling rule for interference power, saturation region of the SE, and the bound on the SE loss. Finally, the trade-off between spectral and energy efficiencies in the presence of IRC is determined with algorithms developed to optimize SE(EE) under a constrained EE(SE) value. The loss of optimal total SE and EE due to IRC is also quantified, which shows that the loss of optimal EE is more sensitive to IRC in a typical range of transmit power values.