Three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model for TMDL development of Lake Fuxian,China

作     者：Lei Zhao Xiaoling Zhang Yong Liu Bin He Xiang Zhu Rui Zou Yuanguan Zhu 

作者机构：Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Environmental Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences(MOE)Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Tetra TechInc.10306 Eaton PlaceSte 340FairfaxVA 22030USA Institute for Environmental SciencesKunming 650034China 

出 版 物：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 (环境科学学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2012年第24卷第8期

页      面：1355-1363页

核心收录：

学科分类：083002[工学-环境工程] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 07[理学] 08[工学] 0815[工学-水利工程] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41101180) the China National Water Pollution Control Program (No.2010ZX07102-006) 

主　　题：hydrodynamic and water quality model Lake Fuxian water quality prediction total maximum daily load 

摘      要：Lake Fuxian is the largest deep freshwater lake in China. Although its average water quality meets Class I of the China National Water Quality Standard （CNWQS）, i.e., GB3838-2002, monitoring data indicate that the water quality approaches the Class II threshold in some areas. Thus it is urgent to reduce the watershed load through the total maximum daily load （TMDL） program. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed for Lake Fuxian, simulating flow circulation and pollutant fate and transport. The model development process consists of several steps, including grid generation, initial and boundary condition configurations, and model calibration processes. The model accurately reproduced the observed water surface elevation, spatiotemporal variations in temperature, and total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, and chemical oxygen demand （COD） concentrations, suggesting a reasonable numerical representation of the prototype system for further TMDL analyses. The TMDL was calculated using two interpretations of the water quality standards for Class I of the CNWQS based on the maximum instantaneous surface and annual average surface water concentrations. Analysis of the first scenario indicated that the TN, TP and COD loads should be reduced by 66%, 68% and 57%, respectively. Water quality was the highest priority; however, local economic development and cost feasibility for load reduction can pose significant issues. In the second interpretation, the model results showed that, under the existing conditions, the average water quality meets the Class I standard and therefore load reduction is unnecessary. Future studies are needed to conduct risk and cost assessments for realistic decision-making.