Effects of Surface Flux Parameterization on the Numerically Simulated Intensity and Structure of Typhoon Morakot(2009)

作     者：Jie MING Jun A.ZHANG 

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 Hurricane Research DivisionAtlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryNational Oceanographic and Atmospheric AdministrationMiamiFLUSA Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of Miami MiamiFLUSA 

出 版 物：《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 (大气科学进展（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第33卷第1期

页      面：58-72页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 08[工学] 081501[工学-水文学及水资源] 0815[工学-水利工程] 0706[理学-大气科学] 0816[工学-测绘科学与技术] 0825[工学-航空宇航科学与技术] 

基　　金：primarily supported by the National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China(Grant Nos.2015CB452801 and 2013CB430100) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41105035) the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.20620140054 and 20620140347) supported by NOAA’s Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project(HFIP),Grant Nos.NA14NWS4680028 and NASA Grant NNX14AM69G 

主　　题：Typhoon Morakot,surface flux parameterization,exchange coefficients,boundary layer 

摘      要：The effects of surface flux parameterizations on tropical cyclone（TC） intensity and structure are investigated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF-ARW） modeling system with high-resolution simulations of Typhoon Morakot（2009）.Numerical experiments are designed to simulate Typhoon Morakot（2009） with different formulations of surface exchange coefficients for enthalpy（C_K） and momentum（C_D） transfers,including those from recent observational studies based on in situ aircraft data collected in Atlantic hurricanes.The results show that the simulated intensity and structure are sensitive to C_K and C_D,but the simulated track is not.Consistent with previous studies,the simulated storm intensity is found to be more sensitive to the ratio of C_K/C_D than to C_K or C_D alone.The pressure-wind relationship is also found to be influenced by the exchange coefficients,consistent with recent numerical studies.This paper emphasizes the importance of C_D and C_K on TC structure simulations.The results suggest that C_D and C_K have a large impact on surface wind and flux distributions,boundary layer heights,the warm core,and precipitation.Compared to available observations,the experiment with observed C_D and C_K generally simulated better intensity and structure than the other experiments,especially over the ocean.The reasons for the structural differences among the experiments with different C_D and C_K setups are discussed in the context of TC dynamics and thermodynamics.