Molecular mechanism of extrinsic factors affecting antiaging of stem cells

作     者：Tzyy Yue Wong Mairim Alexandra Solis Ying-Hui Chen Lynn Ling-Huei Huang 

作者机构：Institute of BiotechnologyCollege of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung University Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Stem Cells》 (世界干细胞杂志（英文版）（电子版）)

年 卷 期：2015年第7卷第2期

页      面：512-520页

核心收录：

学科分类：0831[工学-生物医学工程（可授工学、理学、医学学位）] 0710[理学-生物学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100101[医学-人体解剖与组织胚胎学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：Supported by A grant from the National Science Council Taiwan 

主　　题：Stem cells Anti-aging Quiescence Microenvironment 

摘      要：Scientific evidence suggests that stem cells possess the anti-aging ability to self-renew and maintain differentiation potentials, and quiescent state. The objective of this review is to discuss the microenvironment where stem cells reside in vivo, the secreted factors to which stem cells are exposed, thehypoxic environment, and intracellular factors including genome stability, mitochondria integrity, epigenetic regulators, calorie restrictions, nutrients, and vitamin D. Secreted tumor growth factor-β and fibroblast growth factor-2 are reported to play a role in stem cell quiescence. Extracellular matrices may interact with caveolin-1, the lipid raft on cell membrane to regulate quiescence. N-cadherin, the adhesive protein on niche cells provides support for stem cells. The hypoxic micro-environment turns on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 to prevent mesenchymal stem cells aging through p16 and p21 down-regulation. Mitochondria express glucosephosphate isomerase to undergo glycolysis and prevent cellular aging. Epigenetic regulators such as p300, protein inhibitors of activated Stats and H19 help maintain stem cell quiescence. In addition, calorie restriction may lead to secretion of paracrines cyclic ADP-ribose by intestinal niche cells, which help maintain intestinal stem cells. In conclusion, it is crucial to understand the anti-aging phenomena of stem cells at the molecular level so that the key to solving the aging mystery may be unlocked.