The long-term immunological effects of alloferon and its analogues in the mealworm Tenebrio mofitor

作     者：Elzbieta Czarniewska Arkadiusz Urbanski Szymon Chowanski Mariola Kuczer 

作者机构：Department of Animal Physiology and Development Adam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznan Poland Faculty of Chemistry Wroclaw University Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroctaw Poland 

出 版 物：《Insect Science》 (昆虫科学（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2018年第25卷第3期

页      面：429-438页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0832[工学-食品科学与工程（可授工学、农学学位）] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 090602[农学-预防兽医学] 08[工学] 09[农学] 0906[农学-兽医学] 0904[农学-植物保护] 0901[农学-作物学] 083202[工学-粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] 0713[理学-生态学] 

主　　题：alloferon analogue hemocyte's apoptosis immune response nodulation phenoloxidase activity 

摘      要：The subject of this article is a search for the long-term immunological effects of alloferon and 3 structural analogues of alloferon, which were earlier characterized by the highest pro-apoptotic activity in Tenebrio molitor. The differences in the actions of these peptides on immune response were observed. Alloferon increased nodulation and significantly phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of experimentally infected T. molitor. However, [Phe（p-NH2）^1 ]- and [Phe（p-OMe） ^1 ]-alloferon strongly inhibited cellular and humoral defense of the mealworm against Staphylococcus aureus infection. One day after injection of these peptides, the specific biochemical and morphological hallmarks of apoptosis in bacteria-challenged hemocytes were visible; in contrast, 3 days after peptides injection in all hemocytes, caspase activation was not observed. However, these new, circulating hemocytes differed from the control and the peptide-untreated bacteria-challenged hemocytes. They had an increased adhesion that led to a separation of viable, anucleated fragments of hemocytes that retain the ability to adhere and to form long filopodia. The peptide-induced separation ofhemocyte fragments may resemble the formation ofplatelets in mammals and perhaps play a role in sealing wounds in insects. The results of in vivo studies may suggest a long half-life of studied peptides in the hemolymph of mealworm. Moreover, we showed the importance of the N-terminal histidine residues at position one of the alloferon molecule for its immunological properties in insects. The results obtained here show that alloferon plays pleiotropic functions in insects.