Association of Rainfall and Stability Index with Lightning Parameter over the Indo-Gangetic Plains

作     者：M. I. R. Tinmaker M. Y. Aslam D. M. Chate 

作者机构：Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India 

出 版 物：《American Journal of Climate Change》 (美国气候变化期刊（英文）)

年 卷 期：2017年第6卷第3期

页      面：443-454页

学科分类：07[理学] 070601[理学-气象学] 0706[理学-大气科学] 

主　　题：Flash Rate Density Precipitation Rate Lifted Index K-Index 

摘      要：The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) based satellite lightning grid data for 10 year period (1998-2007) were used to study the association of rainfall and stability index with lightning parameter over Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) region. The spatial variation of flash rate density (FRD) is found to be (40 fl·km-2·yr-1) higher over northern region of IGP as compare to that of eastern IGP region. The annual variation of FRD exhibits bimodal distributions, while the precipitation rate shows unimodal distributions. The results show that the FRD peaked 2 months (pre-monsoon) in advance to the monsoon months where rainfall peak occurred due to environmental lapse rates more than 7.0°C/km during pre-monsoon which is evident from the temperature profile for correlation coefficient between temperature (700 mb) and FRD with coefficient of 0.70, p ≤ 0.0001 during pre-monsoon. The annual variation of lifted index show negative value over March to September due to intense insolation, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and also availability of moisture. The convective cloud transform into thundercloud with the development of mixed-phase (cloud water + ice) which subsequently produce the lightning. During monsoon, seasonal thermal heating diminishes and even on revival after break monsoon period, K-index is found to be less as the orography does not allow the highly moist air of low temperature to reach to large height above freezing level. They can be referred as maritime clouds of intermediate height with moderate updraft and hence minimum lightning activity during the monsoon season. Lifted index are proved to be indicators of thunderstorm conditions. This is because that rising air parcel is much warmer than its surroundings and can accelerate rapidly and create severe thunderstorms.