Assessing acceptance in mindfulness with direct-worded items:The development and initial validation of the Athlete Mindfulness Questionnaire

作     者：Chun-Qing Zhang Pak-Kwong Chung Gangyan Si 

作者机构：Department of Physical EducationHong Kong Baptist University Department of Health and Physical EducationHong Kong Institute of Education 

出 版 物：《Journal of Sport and Health Science》 (运动与健康科学（英文）)

年 卷 期：2017年第6卷第3期

页      面：311-320页

核心收录：

学科分类：0402[教育学-心理学(可授教育学、理学学位）] 0403[教育学-体育学] 040203[教育学-应用心理学] 04[教育学] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1010[医学-医学技术（可授医学、理学学位）] 

主　　题：运动员 谨慎 可靠性 可伸缩 运动 有效性 

摘      要：Purpose:The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate a sport-specific mindfulness measure,the Athlete Mindfulness Questionnaire(AMQ),through 5 related studies using 4 separate samples of Chinese athletes.The AMQ is a 3-factor measure designed to assess mindfulness that reflects present-moment attention,awareness,and acceptance in a sport context.Methods:In Study 1,an initial pool of items was generated based on previous literature,existing mindfulness scales,as well as interviews with and feedback from the athletes,coaches,and mindfulness experts.Initial support for the 3-factor structure of the AMQ was established via exploratory factor analysis in Study 2,and cross-validated through confirmatory factor analysis in Studies 3 and 4.In Study 5,a modified 3-factor AMQ with direct-worded acceptance items was examined in a fourth independent sample.Results:Convergent and concurrent validities of the acceptance subscale failed to be established in Studies 3 and 4 which may be due to the inattention and confusion of the athletes whilst interpreting the reverse-worded items.A modified 16-item AMQ in Study 5 displayed satisfactory model fit and acceptable internal consistencies.Most importantly,convergent and concurrent validities of the 16-item AMQ were supported.The3 subscales showed significant positive associations with mindfulness,flow,well-being,and positive affect and significant negative associations with experiential avoidance,burnout,and negative affect.Conclusion:The AMQ is a psychometrically sound measure of mindfulness in a sport context.The importance of using direct-worded acceptance items is discussed.