Critical Considerations in the Immunochemical Detection and Quantitation of Antigenic Biomarkers
Critical Considerations in the Immunochemical Detection and Quantitation of Antigenic Biomarkers作者机构：Division of Biochemical Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research JeffersonDivision of Biochemical Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research JeffersonDivision of Interdisciplinary Toxicology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Little RockDivision of Biochemical Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson Arkansas 72079-9502Arkansas 72079-9502 Arkansas 72205Arkansas 72079-9502
出 版 物：《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 (生物医学与环境科学（英文版）)
年 卷 期：1991年第4卷第1期
页 面：113-129页
核心收录：
学科分类：100405[医学-卫生毒理学] 0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 10[医学]
主 题：Critical Considerations in the Immunochemical Detection and Quantitation of Antigenic Biomarkers ABP
摘 要：The formation of covalent adducts as a result of the interaction of metabolically activated chemicals with host macromolecules is a common critical event in mutagenic, carcinogenic, and immunologic phenomena. Because of their antigenicity and their immunogenicity, covalent adducts may be detected using sensitive immunochemical techniques. The immunochemical approaches to biomonitoring and molecular dosimetry of DNA damage are particularly attractive because they allow sensitive quantitation of specific DNA adducts present in small samples and do not rely on the use of radiolabeled adducts. Two examples of biomarker immunoassay development are presented: an avidin/biotin-amplified ELISA for the major DNA adduct of the human bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), and a particle concentration fluorescent immunoassay (PCFIA) for the major protein adduct associated with toxicity by the prototype hepatotoxin acetaminophen. The examples illustrate critical steps in the development of biomarker immunoassays which include selection of the relevant adduct, preparation of an appropriate immunogen, immunization, characterization of antisera, and development of application-specific sample processing techniques for biomarker quantitation. Immunochemical procedures may be combined with other analytical techniques to form hybrid systems which take advantage of both the antigenicity and the physical or chemical properties of a biomarker to achieve greater specificity and/or sensitivity. The future usefulness of these new tools of molecular epidemiology will depend on a compound-by-compound validation of methods and critical evaluation of the biologic importance of the particular antigenic biomarker as an indicator of exposure and as an indicator of risk.
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