Mycoremediation of Potentially Toxic Trace Elements--a Biological Tool for Soil Cleanup:A Review

作     者：Amjad ALI GUO Di Amanullah MAHAR WANG Ping SHEN Feng LI Ronghua ZHANG Zengqiang 

作者机构：College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A~zF University Yangling 712100 (China) Centre for Environmental Sciences University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 (Pakistan) 

出 版 物：《Pedosphere》 (土壤圈（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2017年第27卷第2期

页      面：205-222页

核心收录：

学科分类：12[管理学] 1204[管理学-公共管理] 082803[工学-农业生物环境与能源工程] 07[理学] 08[工学] 0828[工学-农业工程] 0818[工学-地质资源与地质工程] 09[农学] 0903[农学-农业资源与环境] 0901[农学-作物学] 120405[管理学-土地资源管理] 0713[理学-生态学] 

主　　题：bioaccumulation factor, bioremediation, extra ellular enzymes, macrofungus, phytoremediation, pollution 

摘      要：Anthropogenic and geogenic activities release potentially toxic trace elements （PTEs） that impact human health and the envi- ronment. Increasing environmental pollution stresses the need for environmentally friendly remediation technologies. Physico-chemical treatments are effective, but are costly and generate secondary pollution on- or off-site. Phytoremediation is a biological treatment that provides positive results for PTE eradication with few limitations. Mycoremediation, a type of bioremediation to use macrofungi （mushrooms） for PTE extraction from polluted sites, is the best option for soil cleanup. This review highlights the scope, mechanisms, and potentials of mycoremediation. Mushrooms produce a variety of extracellular enzymes that degrade polycyclic aromatic hydro- carbons （PAHs）, polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）, pesticides, dyes, and petroleum hydrocarbons into simpler compounds. Cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb）, mercury （Hg）, chromium （Cr）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn）, and iron （Fe） have been effectively extracted by Phellinus badius, Amanita spissa, Lactarius piperatus, Suillus grevillei, Agaricus bisporous, Trieholoma terreum, and Fomes fomentarius, re- spectively. Mycoremediation is affected by environmental and genetic factors, such as pH, substrate, mycelium age, enzyme type, and ecology. The bioaccumulation factor （BAF） can make clear the effectiveness of a mushroom for the extraction of PTEs from the substrate. Higher BAF values of Cd （4.34）, Pb （2.75）, Cu （9）, and Hg （95） have been reported for Amanita muscaria, Hypholoma fasciculare, Russula foetens, and Boletus pinophilus, respectively, demonstrating their effectiveness and suitability for mycoremediation of PTEs.